Manufactured recycled plastic

MRPL manufactured recycled plastic lumber MWR microwave radiation... 

Plastic, virgin A plastic material in the form of pellets, granules, powder, flock, liquid, etc. that has not been subjected to use or processing other than what was required for its initial manufacture. It is not recycled plastics. 

Recycling polymers is one way to minimize the disposal problem, but not much recycling occurs at present. Only about 25% of the plastic made in the United States is recycled each year, compared with 55% of the aluminum and 40% of the paper. A major obstacle to recycling plastics is the great variation in the composition of polymeric material. Polyethylene and polystyrene have different properties, and a mixture of the two is inferior to either. Recyclers must either separate different types of plastics or process the recycled material for less specialized uses. Manufacturers label plastic containers with numbers that indicate their polymer type and make it easier to recycle these materials. Table 13-5 shows the recycling number scheme. 

GHG emissions associated with the raw material are determined from the energy used to manufacture the plastic materials and the fuel used to transport them to the plant. The transportation and manufacture of the secondary packaging used to transport the primary raw materials and finished materials may also be considered. The embedded energy of the materials, if made from petroleum products, is also accounted for when it is used as a raw material (Keoleian and Spitzley, 1999 Spitzley et al., 1997). End-of-life emissions may also be included in LCA of milk packaging and include fhe energy used fo recycle the package or emissions in the form of CH4 from a landfill. 

Public perception and the resulting trends in legislation have led manufacturers of plastics and plastic products to realize that they either have to act and get involved with the issue or be prepared to shoulder much of the blame for the solid waste crisis and face tremendous restrictions on their industry. The companies initial responses included the formation of both internal divisions and cooperative industry associations to approach the issues of plastics recycling and solid waste management. 

Other industry efforts to "close the loop" of product manufacture, recycling, and resin reuse include Procter Gamble s marketing of a plastic household product container made from recycled PET. Johnson Controls, a major manufacturer of PET beverage bottles and containers, is also involved in promoting recycling efforts. Internally, the company recycles... 

Identification of the materials of construction (i.e., plastics, paper, metal, glass, elastomers, coatings, adhesives, and other such materials) should be identified by a specific product designation (code name and/or code number) and the source (name of the manufacturer) alternate materials of construction should be indicated postconsumer recycled plastic should not be used in the manufacture of a primary packaging component, and if it is used for a secondary or associated component, then the safety and compatibility of the material for its intended use should be addressed appropriately... 

As mentioned in Section 1.3, workplace exposure to PBDEs can occur during their production and the manufacture of PBDE-containing plastic products. Workers involved in recycling plastic products, computer repair in confined workplaces can also be occupationally exposed to PBDEs. If you are exposed to PBDEs while at work, it may be possible to carry them home on your clothes or body. Your occupational health and safety officer at work can tell you whether the products you work with may contain PBDEs and are likely to be carried home. If this is the case, you should shower and change clothing before leaving work, and your work clothes should be kept separate from other clothes and laundered separately. 

Pszozola, D.E. Bottle Manufacturer Operates Plastic Recycling Plant, Food Technology. 54 (January 1991). 

Plastic Packaging Extrusion Technology Polymer Manufacturing Recycled Materials Logistics Services... 

Although 2-furoic acid (pyromucic acid) was known to Scheele in 1780, furan was obtained only in 1870 by Limpricht. Furfural began to be produced commercially in the 1930s by the Quaker Oats Company and its subsidiary, the Miner Laboratory. It had been observed that oat husks (waste from breakfast cereals) afforded furfural on treatment with acids in about 10% yield, along with non-volatile cattle food. Among the many uses of furfural, one should mention (i) the manufacture of plastics based on the phenol-furfural-formaldehyde reaction, (ii) its use as selective solvent for aromatics in the petrochemical industry and oil refinement, and (iii) the separation of saturated from unsaturated fats (triglycerides) in the refinement of vegetable oils. Furfural can be recovered by steam distillation and recycled. 

Plastic materials legislation, prohibition of recycled plastics, register on substances and manufacturers. 

Unused reactants can be recycled and off-specification product reprocessed. Integrated processes can be selected the waste from one process becoming the raw material for another. For example, the otherwise waste hydrogen chloride produced in a chlorination process can be used for chlorination using a different reaction, as in the balanced, chlorination-oxyhydrochlorination process for vinyl chloride production. It may be possible to sell waste to other companies, for use as raw material in their manufacturing processes for example, the use of off-specification and recycled plastics in the production of lower grade products, such as the ubiquitous black plastic bucket. 

Furthermore, the recycled material has to be cleaned and shaped for the future application. In some cases, the sorted plastics are converted into flakes or pellets, which can then be used to manufacture new products. The cost depends on the designed application. Recycled material cannot be used in every application, for example, strict rules for food packaging material often prevent the use of recycled plastics. 

In this entry, the effect of blending recyclable poly-(propylene) (PP) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with lignin on carbon fiber production is presented. We discuss the effects of lignin structure and specific intermolecular interactions on lignin thermal properties as well as the effect of blend composition on surface morphology, mechanical properties, and the manufacturing process of lignin/recyclable plastic-based carbon fibers. 

Many products can be produced from recycled polymers. When they are clean, almost every product that is produced from virgin polymers can be manufactured using recycled plastics. The only place where these products cannot be used is in food packaging. However, if the plastic is converted to monomers, and then repolymerized, it can be part of the food and beverage packaging market. Some of the possible products are summarized in Table 8, which again indicates a large opportunity for recycled plastics. 

The base is HDPE, the cap is another kind of plastic or aluminum, and the label has adhesives. The botdes are shredded and ground into chips for processing. The adhesives can be removed with a strong detergent. The lighter HDPE is separated from PET in water because one sinks and the other floats. The aluminum is removed electrostatically. What is left are plastic chips that may be sold to manufacturers who can use the chips in making other plastics. However, the FDA prohibits the use of recycled plastics in food containers, making one major market out of bounds for recycled plastics. 

This book summarizes information on plastics recycling based on studies conducted for the state of Illinois. Part I discusses characterization, collection, costs, and markets for mixed plastics recycling. Part li discusses recycling technologies, Including those for processing and separation, buyer specifications, and the manufacture of plastic lumber. Appendices Include lists of scrap plastic handlers and brokers, manufacturers of recycling equipment, and information sources. 

It shall suffice in the context of the present review to point out that, while some products with high quality and value are being made from recycled plastics, most of the applications are low-cost manufactured parts. These include [B.83] the following. 

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