Mallard

Mallard W G and Linstrom P J (eds) 1988 NIST Standard Reference Database 69 http //webbook.nist.gov/ohemistry/... 

DDT is highly toxic to fish (LC q for trout and blue gill, 0.002—0.008 ppm), and it is only moderately toxic to birds (oral LD q mallard 1300 and pheasant >2240 mg/kg). However, widespread bird kills have resulted from bioconcentration of DDT through food chains, ie, from fish or earthworms. A significant environmental problem has resulted from the specific effects of DDE on eggshell formation in raptorial birds where accumulation has caused decreases in shell thickness of 10—15%, resulting in widespread breakage. 

Environmental. The A/-methylcarbamates generally are biodegradable and of low soil persistence with half-Hves for carbaryl and aldicarb of 1—2 weeks and of carbofuran of 1—4 months. Certain carbamates are highly toxic to birds with oral LD qS for mallard, eg, pheasant, in mg/kg carbofuran, 0.40, 4.2 mexacarbate, 3.0, 4.5 and methomyl, 16, 15 compared to carbaryl >2000. Fish toxicity of carbamates is generally low, but these compounds are extremely toxic to bees. In cases of human poisoning, atropine is a specific antidote. 

Acute avian oral toxicity (LD q) in bobwhite quail or mallard duck... 

Acute avian dietary toxicity (LC q) in mallard duck... 

Pitts, W M, Nyden, M R, Gann, R G, Mallard, W G, Tsang, W Natl Inst Stand Technol Note 1279, 1990... 

H2S J.E. Bartmess, Negative Ion Energetics Data in NIST Chemistry WebBook, W. G. Mallard, P. J. Linstrom, Eds., NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, November 1998, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA (http webbook.nist.gov/chemistry). H2S2 R. A.J. O Hair, C.H. DePuy, V. M. Bierbaum, /. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 7955... 

Fairbrother A, Bennett RS, Bennett JK. 1989. Sequential sampling of plasma cholinesterase in mallards (Anasplatyrh5Uichos) as an indicator of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. Environ Toxicol Chem 8 117-122. 

Whittier JB, McBee K. 1999. Use of flow cytometry to detect genetic damage in mallards dosed with mutagens. Environ Toxicol Chem 18(7) 1557-1563. 

Heinz, G.H. and Hoffman, D.J. (1998). Methylmercury chloride and selenomethione interactions on health and reproduction in mallards Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17, 139-145. 

Hoffman, D.J., Sileo, L., and Murray, H.C. (1984). Subchronic OP induced delayed neurotoxicity in mallards. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 75, 128-136. 

The chronology of the most remarkable contributions to combustion in the early stages of its development is as follows. In 1815, Sir Humphry Davy developed the miner s safety lamp. In 1826, Michael Faraday gave a series of lectures and wrote The Chemical History of Candle. In 1855, Robert Bunsen developed his premixed gas burner and measured flame temperatures and flame speed. Francois-Ernest Mallard and Emile Le Chatelier studied flame propagation and proposed the first flame structure theory in 1883. At the same time, the first evidence of detonation was discovered in 1879-1881 by Marcellin Berthelot and Paul Vieille this was immediately confirmed in 1881 by Mallard and Le Chatelier. In 1899-1905, David Chapman and Emile Jouguet developed the theory of deflagration and detonation and calculated the speed of detonation. In 1900, Paul Vieille provided the physical explanation of detonation... 

Mallard E. and Le Chatelier H.L., On the propagation velocity of burning in gaseous explosive mixture, Compt. Rend., 93 145-148,1881. 

The propagation of premixed flames in closed vessels has been a subject of combustion research since its inception as a defined field of study in the late 1800s, when Mallard and LeChatelier [1] explored the behavior of explosions in the tunnels of coal mines. In the early decades of the twentieth century, experimenters used streak cameras to monitor the progress of premixed flame fronts propagating in tubes and channels without... 

Mallard, E. and Le Chatelier, H.L., Recherches experi-mentales et theoriques sur la combustion des melanges gaseux explosifs. Series 4. Annates des Mines, 8, 274—618, 1883. 

J.C. Libouton, A. Jacques, and P. Van Tiggelen, Cinetique, structure et entretien des ondes de detonation, Actes du Colloque international Berthelot-Vieille-Mallard-Le Chatelier, 2,437-442,1981. 

Most of the mercury in muscle is present as MeHg. Barr (1986) reported that adult loons from a site closest to a mercury somce with 1.87 ppm Hg in fish, resulted in a muscle Hg concentration of 4.57 ppm ww and a brain Hg concentration of 1.49 ppm. Those loons had only 20% of territories successful (Barr 1986). Mallard hens receiving 0.5 ppm dietary mercury for 18 months had a muscle Hg concentration of 0.82 ppm compared with brain Hg = 0.50 ppm. Mallard hens receiving 3 ppm for the same period had 5.01 ppm in muscle and 4.57 in brain (Heinz 1976). Based on these assessments, muscle Hg concentration is more representative of brain Hg concentration and correlates better with effect than the more commonly measured fiver residue. It is also possible to sample muscle tissue nonlethally via biopsy, in... 

Liver, plasma Mallard duck No Decreased Hoffman and Heinz (1998)... 

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