Flames temperature measurements

Flame Tests. See Flame, Length and Duration of , Flame Photometry , Flame Propagation and Velocity and Flame Temperature Measurements , in (his Vol Also in Vol 1 Flame Test , p XII ... 

Omenetto, N., Benetti, P., and Rossi, G., Flame temperature measurements by means of atomic fluorescence spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta, 27B, 253, 1972. 

Flame Temperature Measurements. A tungsten ribbon filament lamp, calibrated by the National Bureau of Standards for the temperature range 1100°-2300° C., was used for these measurements which were performed in the conventional manner (17). 

The experiments performed in this program are grouped into (a) experiments in which vaporization rates of pure hydrazine perchlorate were measured (b) deflagration rate measurements (c) temperature profile measurements (d) flame temperature measurements. 

Flame Temperature Measurements. Thermodynamic calculations of the nature of the products of hydrazine perchlorate self-deflagration at a series of processes were performed by an IBM-7090 computer program. The results are shown in Table V. The calculations were made assuming... 

Flame temperature measurements by the sodium line reversal method were made with hydrazine perchlorate strands containing 2% thiourea and 2% sodium chloride. This amount of sodium chloride was necessary to achieve a sufficient intensity of emission of the sodium D-line for these experiments. It may be pointed out that in oxygen-rich, chlorine-containing flames such as this, the concentration of sodium atoms is decreased... 

The ICP is a stable argon plasma heated by inductive coupling of argon cations and free electrons, but is perhaps best thought of as simply a hot flame. Temperature measurement indicates that the plasma has a temperature approaching 6-7000°K. 

Chao, C. M., and Goulard, R. "Nonlinear Inversion Techniques in Flame Temperature Measurements." In Heat Transfer in Flames, edited by N. H. Afgan and J. M. Beer, 295-337 Washington, DC Scripta Book Company, 1974. 

Hommert, P. J., Viskanta, R., and Mellor, A. M. "Flame Temperature Measurements by Spectral Remote Sensing." Combustion and Flame 30 (1977) 295-308. 

In-flame temperature measurement provides useful insight into estimation of radiative heat release from flames, kinetics of the reaction, soot formation, and NO formation. In oxy-burner testing, thermocouple and suction pyrometer are extensively used to take point measurements within the flame. Recently, laser-based advanced diagnostic methods have been developed to map 2-D temperature field of the flame within the furnace [17]. 

The flame temperatures are influenced by a large number of factors. The flame temperature can be increased with the addition of excess oxidant, such as nitrate ammonium, or the increase of the fuel-oxidant. The adiabatic flame temperature can be calculated using the heat capacity of the products, the ignition temperature and the heat of combustion, assuming that no heat is lost in the system. The flame temperature measurements are almost always much smaller than the calculated adiabatic values. Irradiated losses, incomplete combustion and air heating contribute to a deaease in the actual flame temperature. 

For the case that there are not too many constituents in the gas under investigation, the use of the pure rotational CARS technique may be superior to vibrational CARS thermometry since the spectra are easily resolvable (for N2 the adjacent rotational peaks have a spacing of approximately 8 cm i) compared with the congestion of the rotational lines in the vibrational bands of the Q-branch spectra (see Figure 11). An experimental comparison of rotational and vibrational CARS techniques, under similar conditions has been made that demonstrates that rotational CARS may be viable for flame-temperature measurements up to 2000 K. Of course, the pure rotational approach cannot be applied for spherical molecules which have no pure rotational CARS spectrum. An elegant method, using Fourier analysis based on the periodicity of pure rotational CARS spectra has been introduced recently. 

AVL List GmbH, 1998. Spectral Flame Temperature Measurement Using the Two Colour... 

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