Malignancy cytokeratins

Swanson PE, Dehner LP, Sirgi KE, et al. Cytokeratin immuno-reactivity in malignant tumors of bone and soft tissue. Appl Im-... 

Smith TA, Machen SK, Fisher C, et al. Usefulness of cytokeratin subsets for distinguishing monophasic synovial sarcoma from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999 112 641-648. 

Shiratsuchi H, Oshiro Y, Saito T, et al. Cytokeratin subunits of inclusion bodies in rhabdoid cells Immunohistochemical and clinicopathological study of malignant rhabdoid tumor and epithelioid sarcoma. Int J Surg Pathol. 2001 9 37-48. 

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is sometimes part of the differential in poorly differentiated large cell malignancies. Most forms of lymphoma can be ruled in or out by the use of antibodies to CD45RB (leukocyte common antigen), S-100, and cytokeratin (e.g., the AE1/AE3 mixture or CAM5.2). Pitfalls to avoid pertain particularly to anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), which may... 

Zarbo RJ, Gown AM, Nagle RB, et al. Anomalous cytokeratin expression in malignant melanoma one- and two-dimensional Westetn blot analysis and immunohistochemical survey of 100 melanomas. Mod Pathol. 1990 3 494-502. 

Fuchs U, Kivela T, Summanen P, et al. An immunohistochemical and prognostic analysis of cytokeratin expression in malignant uveal melanoma. Am Pathol. 1992 141 169-181. 

Korabiowska M, Fischer G, Steinacker A, et al. Cytokeratin positivity in paraffin-embedded malignant melanomas comparative study of KLl, A4 and Lu5 antibodies. Anticancer Res. 2004 24 3203-3207. 

Moll R. Cytokeratins in the histological diagnosis of malignant tumors. Int J Biol Markers. 1994 9 63-69. 

Nikitakis NG, Tosios KI, Papanikolaou VS, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins 7 and 20 in malignant salivary gland tumors. Mod Pathol. 2004 17 407-415. 

Litzky LA, Brooks JJ. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity in malignant fibrous histiocytoma and spindle cell tumors comparison between frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues. Mod Pathol. 1992 5 30-34. 

Jang KY, Kang MJ, Lee DG, Ghung MJ. Utility of thyroid transcription factor-1 and cytokeratin 7 and 20 immunostaining in the identification of origin in malignant effusions. Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 2001 23 400-404. 

Cytokeratin (CK)19 is usually expressed in papillary carcinomas but may also be present in other thyroid malignancies and in some benign thyroid tumors. 

Most sarcomatoid mesotheliomas express keratin (usually low molecular weight keratin), vimentin, and frequently muscle-specihc/alpha actin. In our experience, a relatively small percent (10% to 20%) of sarcomatoid mesotheliomas express calretinin, and most sarcomatoid mesotheliomas do not express cytokeratin 5/6. Most sarcomatoid mesotheliomas express CK7, often intensely. In our experience, sarcomatoid mesotheliomas (and tumors with which they may be confused) do not express the negative markers used to evaluate potential epithelial mesotheliomas, including CEA, LeuMl, B72.3, BerEP4, BG8, and TTF-1. Therefore, we would not include these antibodies in a screen of a malignant spindle cell proliferative lesion of the pleura. 

Mullink H, Henzen-Logmans SC, Alons-van Kordelaan JJM, et al. Simultaneous immtmoenzyme staining of vimentin and cytokeratins with monoclonal antibodies as an aid in the differential diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma from pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Virch Arch B Pathol Anat. 1986 42 55-65. 

Gulmann C, Counihan I, Grace A, et al. Cytokeratin 7/20 and mucin expression patterns in oesophageal, cardia and distal gastric adenocarcinomas. Histopathology. 2003 43 453-461. Sheahan K, O Brien MJ, Burke B, et al. Differential reactivities of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in common epithelial malignancies. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990 94 157-164. 

Abrahams NA, Ormsby AH, Brainard J. Validation of cytokeratin 5/6 as an effective substitute for keratin 903 in the differentiation of benign from malignant glands in prostate needle biopsies. Histopathology. 2002 41 35. 

FIGURE 17.29 CAM 5.2 cytokeratin shows variable cytoplasmic reactivity in malignant rhabdoid tumor (immunoperoxidase, x400). 

Expression of cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, CD99, and S-100 protein are potential diagnostic pitfalls in the distinction from metastatic or sarcomatoid carcinoma, EWS/PNET, synovial sarcoma, malignant melanoma, and other malignancies. 

Shiratsuchi H, Saito T, Sakamoto A, et al. Mutation analysis of human cytokeratin 8 gene in malignant rhabdoid tumor a possible association with intracytoplasmic inclusion body formation. Mod Pathol. 2002 15 146-153. 

Mural nodules are occasionally detected in the walls of mucinous tumors. The mucinous tumors can be benign, borderline, or carcinoma. Three types of mural nodules have been described anaplastic car-cinoma,4 h462 sarcoma, and sarcoma-like reactive spindle cell proliferations.4 4,465 Anaplastic carcinoma is an obviously malignant proliferation that expresses cytokeratin, usually in a strong and diffuse pattern, and which often coexpresses vimentin.4 >467 Sarcomatous mural nodules are malignant spindle or epithelioid cell... 

---