Malaria, serum proteins

From these studies it emerges that the lipid biosynthetic pathways of the African trypanosomes are complex, differing both from the host and the malaria parasite, and rely heavily on an external source of preformed lipid. Host complex lipids bound to serum proteins, most likely lipoproteins and particularly HDL, are a source of lipid for African trypanosomes as they appear to be for Plasmodium. 

Lloyd and Paul (201) in 1929 reported salt fractionation and refrac-tometric studies of the serum proteins in eight cases of malaria during... 

A viral etiology has been implicated in Burkitt s lymphoma, and there is some evidence that Epstein-Barr virus causes infectious mononucleosis in Europe and Burkitt s lymphoma in Africa. It has been suggested that if the cause of the Burkitt s lymphoma is viral, then entry of the virus particles into the lymphoid colls of the body may derange a part of the cell immune process, subsequently affecting the production of the IgM antibody, a theory which is compatible to the dysproteinemia sometimes seen in multiple myeloma and other lymphomas (N2). Also in support of this is the observation that C-reactive protein was markedly elevated in the serum of patients with Burkitt s lymphoma, and disappeared entirely from the blood when they were cured (MIO). The relationship between malarial infection and Burkitt s lymphoma has been dealt with in a previous section on malaria. 

Polyclonal increases in serum immunoglobulins are the normal response to infections. IgG response predominates in autoimmune responses IgA in skin, gut, respiratory, and renal infections and IgM in primary viral infections and bloodstream parasites, such as malaria. Chronic bacterial infections may cause an increase in serum levels of all immunoglobulins. In such cases, estimations of the individual immunoglobulins seldom provide more information than protein electrophoresis. They are of value, however, in the differential diagnosis of liver disease and of intrauterine infections. In primary biliary cirrhosis, the IgM level is greatly increased in chronic active hepatitis, IgG and sometimes IgM are increased and in portal cirrhosis, IgA and sometimes IgG are increased. In intrauterine infections, production of IgM by the fetus increases, and the IgM level in umbilical cord blood is increased. Estimations of IgE are used in the management of asthma and other allergic conditions, especially in children. 

Luginbuhl, A., Nikolic, M., Beck, H. P., Wahlgren, M., and Lutz, H. U. (2007). Complement factor D, albumin, and immunoglobulin G anti-band 3 protein antibodies mimic serum in promoting rosetting of malaria-infected red blood cells. Infect. Immun. 75, 1771-1777. 

GTC Biotherapeutics Human antithrombin, Human serum albumin, HIV vaccine, malaria vaccine, Monoclonal antibodies, Peptides, Fusion proteins. Beta-interferon, Interferon alpha. Glutamic acid decarboj lase. Human growth hormone. Insulin, Tissue plasminogen activator 9, 40-49... 

Sharma, M.K., et al. Highly sensitive amperometric immunosensor for detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 in serum of humans with malaria comparison with a commercial kit. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46(11), 3759 (2008)... 

Although dapsone (Figure 6.27) is important in treating leprosy, it is also used in the prophylaxis of malaria and it is in this context that a method for measuring the drug in serum and saliva has been described. Sample preparation was by protein... 

The relation of hypoalbuminemia to the edema occurring in acute malarial attacks was studied by Boyd and Proske (29) and Kopp and Solomon (186) in induced malaria under controlled conditions. These observers again noted the rapid and sharp decline in serum albumin accompanying malarial attacks and the occasional association of edema with hypoalbuminemia. While reduction in osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins probably is a major factor, other mechanisms appear to be involved. 

---