Major injury connection

These Regulations require the reporting of specified accidents, ill-health and dangerous occurrences to the enforcing authorities. The events all arise out of or in connection with work activities covered by the HSW Act. They include death, major injury and more than three-day lost-time accidents. Schedules to the Regulations specify the details of cases of ill-health and dangerous occurrences. 

Where a conveyor of flammable gas through a fixed pipeline or a filler, importer or supplier of LPG in a refill-able container receives notification of the death or major injury arising out of or in connection with the gas, they... 

Where a CORGI registered employer or employee suspects that a gas fitting, flue or ventilation used in connection with the fitting is or has been likely to cause death or major injury by way of accidental leakage or inadequate combustion, they must send a written report to the HSE within 14 days (F2508G1 or G2). 

T cell activation in the lamina propria is associated with epithelial cell shedding, leading to loss of villi. It has been postulated that this is mediated by increased production of matrix metalloproteases (MMP), which, by degrading the lamina propria matrix, represent a major pathway by which T cells cause injury in the gut (Pender et al., 1997). Production of MMPs also facilitates movement of cells out of the vasculature into sites of inflammation and contributes substantially to the degradation of connective tissue during inflammatory disease (Stetler-Stevenson, 1996). Furthermore, MMPs are required for the release of soluble TNF-a from its membrane... 

Fibronectin, a major regulator of cell attachment to the ECM and overall cell morphology, has recently been shown to be fragmented after exposure to HO [27] while exposure to OC1- resulted in substantial cross-linking (bityrosine cross-links) [28], Exposure of fibronectin to either of these oxidants led to the formation of dysfunctional biomolecules and may provide a rational explanation for the frequently observed detachment of endothelial or epithelial cells seen during connective tissue injury. The presence of these modified forms of fibronectin in the ECM adjacent to an inflammatory focus would provide strong evidence for the role of oxidant-induced connective tissue damage, but this information is not currently available. 

All the major cell types (epithelial, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, pneumocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblasts) capable of producing connective tissues (e.g. cartilage, basement membrane, parenchymal stroma) are susceptible to oxidative injury in vitro [29- 33], and over the past decade the mechanism(s) of oxidative stress to these cell types has been the focus of intense research. Unfortunately, few of these studies have been specifically extended to examine the biochemical evidence for oxidative injury to connective tissue producing cells in vivo [34], Our most recent work has concentrated on determining the precise biochemical footprints of oxidative injury found within chondrocytes (also colonic epithelial cells) and attempting to correlate the presence or absence of these oxidative-injury markers seen in vitro with inflamed material from animal models and human pathological material. 

The neuronal protein Thy-1, the smallest member of the Ig-family, represents a major fraction of the surface membrane protein on long axons. Thy-1 inhibits neurite outgrowth on mature astroglia and, thus, may stabilize neuronal connections and suppress axonal sprouting after injury (Tiveron et al., 1992). The astroglial-binding partner of Thy-1, however, is still unknown. 

High doses of salicylates can cause hepatic injury. The onset of injury characteristically occurs after several months of treatment. The majority of cases occur in patients with connective tissue disorders. There usually are no symptoms, simply an increase in serum levels of hepatic transaminases, but some patients note right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort and tenderness. Overt jaundice is uncommon. The injury usually is reversible upon discontinuation of salicylates. The use of salicylates is contraindicated in patients with chronic liver disease. Salicylates are associated with the severe hepatic injury and encephalopathy observed in Reye s syndrome. 

Whenever a pathological condition bilaterally destroys the tracks that connect a supraoptic nuclei to the hypophysis, a lack of antidiuretic hormone follows with the excretion of large amounts of water. Many injuries of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis lead to insufficient secretion of posterior lobe hormones. The major manifestation of this disturbance is diabetes insipidus. 

Major incident is a term mainly used in connection with an MHF. As a quantitative term it shall include serious immediate risk to health and safety or extended injury. Also it includes loss of containment or the consequence of loss of containment Here, loss of containment is discussed but in a near vicinity people may be harmed because of mechanical energy released, toxic effect, and temperature of the material even if loss of containment does not cause a fire. So, this is also major incident. MHF is mainly concerned with Schedule 9 (also IS) materials. 

The majority of direct and indirect contact electric shock and burn accidents occur at 230 V on distribution systems or on connected equipment. There are many instances in which high voltage overhead lines are touched, so this is a form of direct contact however, they usually result in predominantly burn injuries rather than electric shock. 

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