Magnesium, vinyl

Granik, S., Magnesium vinyl pheoporphyrin another intermediate in the biological synthesis of chlorophyll, J. Biol Chem., 183, 713, 1950. 

Bromocycloheptanone is reduced to cycloheptanone by titanocene dichloride and magnesium. Vinyl acetates, including 1- and 2-acetoxycyclohepta-1,3-dienes, have been prepared from vinyl bromides using copper(i) acetate. a-Formylcyclo-heptanone reacts with 2,2-dimethyl-3-dimethylamino-2ff-azirine to give adduct (320). Electrochemical reduction of some seven-membered cyclic P-diketones has been studied polarographically/ ... 

Apparently the nucleophilic nature of the allyl ligand is here more pronounced than in the magnesium vinyl analogue, which demands more electrophilic substrates... 

C. PROTO to Magnesium Vinyl Pheoporphyrin at (MgVP or Proto-... 

Other thickeners used include derivatives of ceUulose such as methylceUulose, hydroxypropylmethylceUulose, and ceUulose gum natural gums such as tragacanth and xanthan (see Cellulose ethers Gums) the carboxyvinyl polymers and the poly(vinyl alcohol)s. The magnesium aluminum siHcates, glycol stearates, and fatty alcohols in shampoos also can affect viscosity. 

Uses. Magnesium alkyls are used as polymerization catalysts for alpha-alkenes and dienes, such as the polymerization of ethylene (qv), and in combination with aluminum alkyls and the transition-metal haUdes (16—18). Magnesium alkyls have been used in conjunction with other compounds in the polymerization of alkene oxides, alkene sulfides, acrylonitrile (qv), and polar vinyl monomers (19—22). Magnesium alkyls can be used as a Hquid detergents (23). Also, magnesium alkyls have been used as fuel additives and for the suppression of soot in combustion of residual furnace oil (24). 

A number of synthetic polymers having the abHity to control filtration rates at high temperature and in the presence of calcium and magnesium have also been developed (88). Such materials include vinyl sulfonate—vinyl amide copolymers (89,90), a copolymer of AMPS and A/,A/-dialkyl (meth) acrylamide (91) and a sulfonated hydroxylated polymer (92). AppHcation levels for these materials range from 5 to 18 kg/m (2—6 lb /bbl). Sulfonated asphalt is also used for high temperature filtration control. 

Pyrotechnic mixtures may also contain additional components that are added to modify the bum rate, enhance the pyrotechnic effect, or serve as a binder to maintain the homogeneity of the blended mixture and provide mechanical strength when the composition is pressed or consoHdated into a tube or other container. These additional components may also function as oxidizers or fuels in the composition, and it can be anticipated that the heat output, bum rate, and ignition sensitivity may all be affected by the addition of another component to a pyrotechnic composition. An example of an additional component is the use of a catalyst, such as iron oxide, to enhance the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate. Diatomaceous earth or coarse sawdust may be used to slow up the bum rate of a composition, or magnesium carbonate (an acid neutralizer) may be added to help stabilize mixtures that contain an acid-sensitive component such as potassium chlorate. Binders include such materials as dextrin (partially hydrolyzed starch), various gums, and assorted polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), epoxies, and polyesters. Polybutadiene mbber binders are widely used as fuels and binders in the soHd propellant industry. The production of colored flames is enhanced by the presence of chlorine atoms in the pyrotechnic flame, so chlorine donors such as poly(vinyl chloride) or chlorinated mbber are often added to color-producing compositions, where they also serve as fuels. 

Branched-chain acids have a wide variety of industrial uses as paint driers (7), vinyl stabilizers (8), and cosmetic products (9). Cobalt and manganese salts of 2-ethyIhexanoic acid and neodecanoic acid are used as driers for paint, varnishes, and enamels litbium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum salts of 2-ethyIhexanoic acid are used in the formation of greases and lubricants (see Driers and metallic soaps). Derivatives of isostearic acid have been used as pour point depressants in two-cycle engine oils, as textile lubricants, and in cosmetic formulations. Further industrial appHcations can be found (10). 

Salts of neodecanoic acid have been used in the preparation of supported catalysts, such as silver neodecanoate for the preparation of ethylene oxide catalysts (119), and the nickel soap in the preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst (120). Metal neodecanoates, such as magnesium, lead, calcium, and zinc, are used to improve the adherence of plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) sheet to safety glass in car windshields (121). Platinum complexes using neodecanoic acid have been studied for antitumor activity (122). Neodecanoic acid and its esters are used in cosmetics as emoUients, emulsifiers, and solubilizers (77,123,124). Zinc or copper salts of neoacids are used as preservatives for wood (125). 

The properties of 1,1-dichloroethane are Hsted ia Table 1. 1,1-Dichloroethane decomposes at 356—453°C by a homogeneous first-order dehydrochlofination, giving vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride (1,2). Dehydrochlofination can also occur on activated alumina (3,4), magnesium sulfate, or potassium carbonate (5). Dehydrochlofination ia the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride (6) proceeds readily. The 48-h accelerated oxidation test with 1,1-dichloroethane at reflux temperatures gives a 0.025% yield of hydrogen chloride as compared to 0.4% HCl for trichloroethylene and 0.6% HCl for tetrachloroethylene. Reaction with an amine gives low yields of chloride ion and the dimer 2,3-dichlorobutane, CH CHCICHCICH. 2-Methyl-l,3-dioxaindan [14046-39-0] can be prepared by a reaction of catechol [120-80-9] with 1,1-dichloroethane (7). 

Pentadiene has been prepared by the interaction of allyl bromide and vinyl bromide in the presence of magnesium and by the pyrolysis of 1,5-pentanediol diacetate or 4-penten-l-ol acetate. The present procedure is essentially that of Shoemaker and Boord with some modifications. ... 

The reaction of the o-substituted nitrobenzene 1 with 3 moles of the vinyl magnesium halide 2 gives the 7-substituted indole 3 as the major product. 

Hie carbocupration of acetyletie takes place smootlily in a cis fasliion, providing a reliable syntlietic route to vinyl copper species iEq. 10.8) [24], Magnesium and zinc. 

To a mixture of vinyl bromide (40 mmol) and the catalyst dichloro-[(R)-Af,N-dimethyl-l-[(.S)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethylamine]-palladium(n) (0.2 mmol) was added an ethereal solution of [a-(trimethyl-silyl)benzyl]magnesium bromide (0.6-1 m, 80 mmol) at —78 °C. The mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 4 days, and then cooled to 0 °C and hydrolysed with dilute aqueous HC1 (3 m). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was re-extracted with ether. The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and water, and dried. Concentration and distillation gave the chiral allylsilane (79%, 66% ee), b.p. 55°C/0.4mmHg. 

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