Magnesium supplementation

Concentrated electrolytes (potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, and sodium chloride greater than 0.9%) should not be stored in patient care areas as a patient safety measure. Serum magnesium levels do not correlate well with total body magnesium stores. For this reason, magnesium supplementation is often given empirically to critically ill patients. 

A recent consensus panel recommends calcium- or magnesium-containing antacids as first-line therapies for heartburn in pregnancy.21 This recommendation was based on the added benefit of calcium and magnesium supplementation. Avoid antacids containing aluminum hydroxide owing to associations with fetal neurotoxicity.22... 

The severity of magnesium depletion and presence of symptoms dictate the route of magnesium supplementation (Table 78-7). Intramuscular magnesium is painful and should be reserved for patients with severe hypomagnesemia and limited venous access. IV bolus injection is associated with flushing, sweating, and a sensation of warmth. 

Dietary magnesium supplementation prior to slaughter has been reported to have a positive effect on meat quality,192 198 which can be explained by the ability of magnesium to counteract the effects of catecholamine in stress situations.199 200 Moesgaard et al.201 investigated how dietary... 

Magnesium. Recent research suggests that magnesium supplementation may also be a helpful treatment for RLS and PLMD. More study is needed, however, before we can recommend its routine use. 

Heart disease Magnesium supplements may make this condition worse. 

Magnesium Oxide (Mag-Ox 400, Others) [OTC] [Antacid, Magnesium Supplement/Magnesium Salt] Uses R lace low Mg levels Action Mg supl Dose 400-800 mg/d daily-qid w/ full glass of HjO Caution [B, +] Contra UlcCTative colitis, diverticulitis, ileostomy/colostomy, heart block, renal insuff Disp Caps 140 mg tabs 400 mg (OTC) SE D, N Inter actions X Effects OF chlordiaz oxide, dicumarol, digoxin, indomethacin, INH, quinolones, tetracyclines EMS Monitor ECG for hypokalemia (flattened T waves) OD Unlikely to cause life-threatening Sxs, but may cause D, constipation, cramps, and abd pain symptomatic and supportive... 

Magnesium Sulfate (Various) [Magnesium Supplement/ Magnesium Salt] Uses Replace low Mg preeclampsia premature... 

Magnesium Oxide (Mag-Ox 400, Others) [OTC] [Antacid, Magnesium Supplement/Magnesium Salt] Uses Replace low... 

Degassed solution of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without calcium and magnesium, supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin and 2 mM ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. 

Of the essential mineral elements, those likely to be deficient in poultry diets are calcium, phosphorus, sodium, copper, iodine, manganese, selenium and zinc. Deficiencies of the other essential mineral elements are less common and the feeds used probably contain them in sufficient quantities. There are some indications that magnesium supplementation may be beneficial under certain situations. 

Labeling When used as a magnesium supplement, state the amount, in milligrams per gram, of magnesium. 

Calcium carbonate is the least expensive source of calcium in supplements. Regardless of the form—carbonate, citrate, or gluconate— read the label to determine how much of the actual mineral each tablet provides. Happily, some manufacturers are now offering cal-dum/magnesium supplements, which I highly recommend. 

Magnesium aids in energy metabolism, promotes proper nerve function, and is involved with muscle activity. It also activates certain enzymes, stabilizes cell structures, and is used for the body to make cell protein, fats, and carbohydrates. Frequently, magnesium supplements are recommended for muscle cramping and other ailments, but our main interest right now is in how this electrolyte can affect blood pressure. 

At Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, doctors collected data from twenty trials that looked at the effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure. They pooled the data to form one megastudy, in what is termed a meta-analysis. In six of the studies, subjects had normal blood pressure in the others, patients were hypertensive. The data came from 1,220 men and women, and the daily dose of magnesium ranged from 10 to 40 mmol (180 to 720 mg). 

I think everyone looking to keep his or her blood pressure down should seriously consider magnesium supplements. Daily supplementation of at least 300 mg (16.6 mmol) seems reasonable. That s what I personally take. My supplement contains 300 mg of calcium and 150 mg of magnesium per tablet, and I take two daily. 

Magnesium Supplementation in the Treatment of Diabetes. Saturday Evening Post 264 (September-October 1994) 66. Malesky, G. Magnesium for Moms to Be. Prevention 41 (January 1989) 8. 

Magnesium supplements may reduce hypertension in some persons. The issue of magnesium and the control of blood pressure has been difficult to establish conclusively. One study involving people with moderate hypertension revealed that daily doses of 20 mmol (485 mg) Mg could produce a decline in blood pressure, where at least three continuous months of supplementation were required for the effect (Witteman ( f a ., 1994). The 20-mmol supplement contained about double the usual dietary intake from food. Magnesium sulfate is commonly used as a drug... 

Witteman, J. C, Grobbee, D, E, Derkx, F DoLiillon, R Bfuijn, A., and Hofman, A. (1994), Reduction of blood pressure witli oral magnesium supplementation in women ivith mild to moderate hypertension. Am. ]- Cfin. Nnlr. 60,129-135. 

In a 43-year-old renal transplant patient, hypomagnesemia was associated with muscle weakness and a near four-fold increase in serum creatine kinase activity (65). Both disorders resolved after magnesium supplementation, and ciclosporin was continued. 

Willox JC, McAllister EJ, Sangster G, Kaye SB. Effects of magnesium supplementation in testicular cancer patients receiving cis-platin a randomised trial. Br J Cancer 1986 54(l) 19-23. 

Cohen N, Alon I, Almoznino-Sarafian D, Zaidenstein R, Weissgarten J, Gorelik O, Berman S, Modai D, Golik A. Metabolic and clinical effects of oral magnesium supplementation in furosemide-treated patients with severe congestive heart failure. Clin Cardiol 2000 23(6) 433-6. 

More recently, Mayer and coworkers [119] have expanded the notion that early introduction of potassium and magnesium supplements in equal amounts to that lost through the kidneys results in decreased incidence of AmB infusion-related side effects and decreased frequency of an increase in serum creatinine. This study provided further evidence to support that sufficient hydration and timely supplementation of sodium, potassium and magnesium reduces the renal toxicity of AmB. This has also been supported by further recent evidence from Oto et al in patients with febrile neutropenia and fungal infections [120]. Interestingly, a prospective trial has shown that oral rehydration solution (ORS) is more effective in prevent-ing hypokalemia when compared to intravenous saline solution (SS) [121]. 

---