Magnesium imbalance

Identify individuals at high risk for magnesium imbalance. 

Distinguish symptoms of excess and deficient magnesium levels. /Tn Identify diagnostic values associated with magnesium imbalances. 

Determine the nursing implications related to treatments for magnesium imbalances. 

Hypernatremia andhypercalcemiacanresultindecreasedmagnesium reabsorption. Magnesium may contribute to hypokalemia and associated symptoms. Symptoms of magnesium imbalance occasionally will be mixed with symptoms of calcium or potassium imbalance. 

Overtreatment of one magnesium imbalance could result in the opposite magnesium imbalance... 

A patient is admitted in delirium tremens. History shows an intake of a quart of alcohol each day. The patient is 30 pounds under weight. The nurse would anticipate which of the following treatments to address the magnesium imbalance the patient is at highest risk for ... 

Bailey McIntosh, age 34, was admitted with dehydration and hypernatremia after a marathon race. The nurse would watch closely for which of the following signs of a likely magnesium imbalance ... 

The most common imbalances are a loss of potassium and water. Other electrolytes, namely magnesium, sodium, and chlorides, are also lost. When too much potassium is lost, hypokalemia (low blood potassium) occurs (see Home Care Checklist Preventing Potassium Imbalances). In certain patients, such as those also receiving a digitalis glycoside or those who currently have a cardiac arrhythmia, hypokalemia has the potential to create a mo re serious arrhythmia Hypokalemia is... 

The nurse observes the patient for early signs of hypermagnesemia (see Display 58-2) and contacts the primary health care provider immediately if this imbalance is suspected. Frequent plasma magnesium levels are usually ordered. The nurse notifies the primary health care provider if the magnesium level is higher or lower than the normal range... 

There is a paucity of clinical trial evidence comparing the benefit of diuretics to other therapies for symptom relief or long-term outcomes. Additionally, excessive preload reduction can lead to a decrease in CO resulting in reflex increase in sympathetic activation, renin release, and the expected consequences of vasoconstriction, tachycardia, and increased myocardial oxygen demand. Careful use of diuretics is recommended to avoid overdiuresis. Monitor serum electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and magnesium frequently to identify and correct imbalances. Monitor serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen daily at a minimum to assess volume depletion and renal function. 

ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE Improper proportions of acids, bases, salts, and fluids in the body. Electrolytes include the salts sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride chlorine. They can conduct electricity, and therefore are essential in nerve, muscle, and heart function. 

Clearly, the ratio of nutrients available to plants does not necessarily correlate with plant needs. For example, soil solutions usually contain lower concentrations of potassium and PO4 than plants need, and excess calcium and magnesium (reviewed in Larcher, 1995 and Marschner, 1995). This imbalance in nutrient supply can interfere with uptake of limiting nutrients. In general, uptake of cations stimulate... 

Saline laxatives (magnesium citrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and disodium phosphate) or saccharide laxatives (sorbitol, mannitol, lactulose) are also used in poisoned patients. Common adverse effects are abdominal cramps, excessive diarrhea, and abdominal distension. Dehydration and electroljde imbalance in children, and hjrpermagnesemia and magnesium toxicity (with magnesium-based cathartics) have also been reported. 

Hypomagnesemia is treated initially with oral, intramuscular, or intravenous administration of magnesium salts. Immediate control of the symptoms of acute hypermagnesemia is obtained with doses of intravenous calcium repeated hourly but extreme toxicity may require cardiac support or mechanical ventilation. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride can also be administered as antidotes. Serum levels are lowered by reducing intake and by normal methods of excretion, with diuretics given to patients with normal renal function. Other accompanying electrolyte imbalances should be treated concurrently, followed by treatment of the condi-tion(s) that lead to the imbalances. 

Hazard Ingestion of substantial amounts will create bodily chloride imbalance with harmful effects. Use Source of magnesium, bromine, sodium chloride, and fresh water source of hydrogen. 

Toto KH, Yucha CB. Magnesium homeostasis, imbalances, and therapeutic uses. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 1994 6 767-783. 

Colourless fuming gas/liquid. Bp 19.4°C. Extremely corrosive. Inhalation pulmonary oedema which may be delayed. Electrolyte imbalances calcium and magnesium fall arrhythmias. 

Electrolyte imbalance, and diseases that lead to electrolyte imbalance, such as adrenal cortical insufficiency, alter neuromuscular blockade. Depending on the nature of the imbalance, either enhancement or inhibition may be expected. Magnesium sulfate, used in the management of toxemia of pregnancy, enhances the skeletal-muscle-relaxing effects of pancuronium. Antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, clindamycin, lincomycin, colistin, and sodium colistimethate augment the pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. Anesthetics such as halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane enhance the action of pancuronium, whereas azathioprine will cause a reversal of neuromuscular blockade. 

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