Machine translation

The USP was again published in Spanish in 1995, with semi-annual supplements since. This was now possible through machine translation. The situation today is mixed, but the English version maintains its importance in Latin America. 

Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google s system If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. 

The Industrial Property Digital Library of the Japanese Patent Office (JPO s IPDL http //www. ipdl.inpit.go.jp/homepg e.ipdl) provides access to Japanese patent document in Japanese text. However, for non-Japanese readers, instantaneous machine translations from Japanese to English of the full documents are available over the Internet from 1974 onwards. English abstracts are also available for recent patents. 

The Spanish language edition of USP 23-NF 18 was published in 1995 as a DOS-based electronic product. In 1998, the product was converted to a Windows-based electronic product. Work on the translation of USP-NF text began in 1993 with the exploration of machine translation software suitable for use in the translation of the characteristic text of the USP-NF. The software selected was ENG-SPAN-AM from the Pan American Health Organization. This was fortified by a microdictionary and software macros specific to the compendia. Since the initial release in 1995, the USP has released Supplements for the Spanish language edition concurrent with the release of the English language Supplements. The database continues to be kept abreast of revisions to the USP and NF, but it was not marketed after 1998. 

Machine searching and machine translation have received considerable attention in recent years. Adequate codes must be developed and tested in machines of various types. It is essential to discover experimentally exactly what performance a machine can give, as the danger lies in relying on machines for performance beyond their range of reliability. Full awareness of the true situation can then be coupled with concrete efforts to improve it. 

Japan Patent Office. URL http //www.jpo.go.jp/. Information in English and Japanese about Japanese patent, design, and trademark law and searchable databases in Japanese and English. The Patent and Utility Model Gazette, Patent Abstracts of Japan, and Trademark databases are in English. Status information and document copies are displayable and machine translations can be generated for Japanese patent applications published since 1993. 

Machine translation of "natural" languages is in my estimation the real test of AI. Research publications are increasing in both quantity and quality and the Center for Machine Translation at Carnegie Mellon University is giving current efforts some focus. 

Recent developments such as the Monroe keyboard for entering Chinese characters (Boston Globe 7/25/88) is only one example of significant recent progress toward multilingual computing and machine translation. 

Combinations of portable microcomputers, optical disc/card knowledge bases, expert systems technology, natural language processing and machine translation will have a major impact on the way we do business in the future. 

Malfitano, G. (1900) Over the protease of the aspergillus niger. [machine translation]. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 14, 420-447. 

For modifications on site, the software supplier should have access to a test configuration which is identical to the real system in all relevant aspects (including installed machine, translator, testing tools, plant simulator, etc.) to ensure the validity of the modifications. 

Gale, W. A., Church, K. W., and Yarowsky, D. Using bilingual materials to develop word sense disambiguation methods. In International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (1992), pp. 101-112. 

A trie is a data structure that uses repeated subscripting and is used to enable multiway search. The term comes from the word re/r/eval. It originated in the field of information retrieval and has developed in part because of machine translation. The benefit of using the trie approach is that it helps reduce the number of ways to search. It does this by eliminating impossible cases. (For example, in English words, a q is never followed by anything but a space [Iraq] or the letter u . That involves a considerable reduction from 26 or 27 other letters or space symbol.) Entries in the nodes of a trie are instructions that describe how to proceed further in a symbol-by-symbol search. 

Increase machine translation of journals Utilize intemational/distributed design teams Consider global/environmental issues in design projects Understand human/technology interface Cultivate relationships for research exchange on a global level... 

Automatic assessment of text quality, or style, is a far more difficult task compared to the acquisition of semantics, or at least considerably less researched. Much of the effort in my lab has been focused on developing models of text quality. 1 will discuss two successful endeavors prediction of general and specific sentences and automatic assessment of sentence fluency in machine translation and summary coherence in text summarization. 

Nenkova, A., J. Chae, A. Louis, and E. Pitler. 2010. Structural features for predicting the linguistic quality of text Applications to machine translation, automatic summarization and human-authored text. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Generation, edited by E. Krahmer and M. Theune. Lecmre Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 5790. Berlin Springer-Verlag. pp. 222-241. 

Shuttle-type blow molding machines translate their molds linearly between the pinch-off point and the blowing station. Alternatively, it is possible to mount a series of blow molds on the circumference of a wheel (either vertical or... 

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