Lymphadenitis

African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) are caused by Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. Sleeping sickness results from being bitten by the insect vector, the tsetse fly. At first there is only local lymphadenitis but about a month later generalized malaise, fever, and systemic disease involving skeletal muscle is seen. 

The goals of therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis are to eradicate infection in order to prevent complications, shorten the disease course, and reduce infectivity and spread to close contacts. Sequelae that can be prevented by antibiotic use are peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess, cervical lymphadenitis, and rheumatic fever. There is no evidence that antibiotic use has an impact on the incidence of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. 

Haemophilus ducreyi, a gram-negative bacterium, has been isolated as the causative organism of chancroid, a genital ulcerative disease usually accompanied by inguinal lymphadenitis and bubo formation. Chancroid may possibly spread to other anatomic sites, a clinical feature first discovered by Ducrey in 1889.37... 

Lymphadenitis Inflammation of the lymph nodes, which become swollen, painful, and tender. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Peste des petits ruminants, contagious agalactia syndrome, caseous lymphadenitis, pasteurellosis, and other causes of pneumonia. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Symptomatology is not very characteristic and the disease is difficult to diagnose. Consider tuberculosis, nonspecific purulent conditions, caseous lymphadenitis, actinobacillosis. In horses consider strangles and glanders. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Appendicitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis. 

Primary pneumonic plague occurs after inhalation of organisms, which may occur by aerosol transmission from a person or animal with secondary or primary pneumonic plague. Septicemic plague may evolve from any form of plague. It features the acute onset of bacteremia, septic shock, and thrombosis with or without antecedent lymphadenitis. Prognosis for both pneumonic and septicemic pneumonic plague is poor the fatality rate is 100 percent for untreated cases. 

The filarial worms differ from other nematodes in that they are threadlike and are found in blood and tissue. The infective larvae enter following the bite of an infected arthropod (fly or mosquito). They then enter the lymphatics and lymph nodes. Fever, lymphangitis, and lymphadenitis are associated with the early stage of the disease. Chronic infections may be characterized by elephantiasis as a result of lymphatic obstruction. Some species of filarial worms migrate in the subcutaneous tissues and produce nodules and blindness (onchocerciasis). 

Oldenlandia chrysotricha L. O. corymbosa L. Shi Da Chuan Shui Xian Cao (leaf) Biflorine, biflorone, gamma-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid.50 Ferbrifuge, for hepatomegaly, lymphadenitis, neophasia, splenomegaly. 

Phlegm obstruction with other pathogenic factors for a long period of time lymphadenitis, scrofula and tumors. 

A 56-year-old woman with liver abscesses and tuberculous lymphadenitis was given rifampicin and 2 weeks later developed a raised thyrotropin concentration of 21... 

Clivers is believed to have diuretic and mild astringent properties. It is used to treat dysuria, lymphadenitis, psoriasis, and enlarged lymph nodes. 

Fenugreek has mucilaginous demulcent, laxative, nutritive, expectorant, and orexigenic properties, and is also used topically as an emollient and vulnerary. Traditionally, it has been used in the treatment of anorexia, dyspepsia, and gastritis, and topically for furunculosis, myalgia, lymphadenitis, gout, wounds, and leg ulcers. 

Increased in bacterial infections such as pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, bacterial meningitis, tonsillitis, gastroenteritis, enterocolitis, streptococcal infection, mononucleosis, lymphadenitis, conjunctivitis, and whooping cough. 

Lymphadenitis Acute regional lymph node swelling or infection (painful bubo) Plague (bubonic)... 

Western Europe. Itching is no obligate symptom, hair loss usually is reversible except in some cases of kerion. Lymphadenitis is a common complication even in mild disease [20]. Gray patch tinea capitis caused by Microsporum (cams and audouinii) is differentiated from the other forms by some authors. 

Adverse effects are due largely to the sulph-onamide moiety and include headache, malaise, anorexia, nausea and vomiting these are dose-related and commoner in slow acetylators (of the sulphonanude). Allergic reactions include rash, fever and lymphadenitis rarely leucopenia and agranulocytosis occur. Males may become infertile due to oligospermia and reduced sperm motility this reverses if salazopyrin is replaced with mesalazine. 

In 108 patients with bladder cancer, tumor relapse was prevented by the use of BCG vaccine 1 mg (24). Inguinal lymphadenitis and dysuria have occurred (SEDA-20,287). 

Clinical trials in BCG-vaccinated newborns in different countries have variously found a dose-effect relation for the risk of suppurative lymphadenitis ... 

WHO will supply to country programs a short protocol to assess the incidence of BCG-associated lymphadenitis using a standard case definition. Evidence of a rate greater than 1% would be the basis for investigating the problem and for reviewing the vaccine strain being used. 

Neonates with suppurative lymphadenitis have been treated with isoniazid (lOmg/kg/day for 3-9 months) (89). The treatment resulted in complete resolution of the adenitis. There was no significant difference between infants with ruptured nodes and those with intact nodes. 

There was no statistical difference between patients who received different forms of treatment for suppurative lymphadenitis 36 patients received erythromycin, 21 isoniazid, and 21 isoniazid + rifampicin (90). When lymphadenitis developed rapidly (within 2 months), the incidence of spontaneous drainage and suppuration was reported to be significantly higher than in patients with slowly developing processes. Total surgical excision is recommended in these rapidly evolving cases. 

Easton PA, Hershfield ES. Lymphadenitis as a late complication of BCG vaccination. Tubercle 1984 65(3) 205-8. 

Akenzua Gl, Sykes RM. Management of suppurative regional lymphadenitis complicating BCG vaccination in newborns. Niger J Pediatr 1986 13 65. 

Caglayan S, Yegin O, Kayran K, Timocin N, Kasirga E, Gun M. Is medical therapy effective for regional lymphadenitis following BCG vaccination Am J Dis Child 1987 141(11) 1213-14. 

Carbamazepine and phenytoin have previously been associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, including dermatopathic lymphadenitis, atypical lymphoid proliferation, and cutaneous pseudolymphoma. In most reported cases, regression follows withdrawal of treatment with the causative drug. However, rarely true lymphoma can develop. 

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