Lycopene cell cycle

Karas, M. et ah. Lycopene interferes with cell cycle progression and insulin-like growth factor I signaling in mammary cancer cells, Nutr. Cancer, 36,101, 2000. 

Amir, H. et ah. Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperate in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells, Nutr. Cancer, 33, 105, 1999. 

Hwang, E. S. and P. E. Bowen. 2004. Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by lycopene in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. J Med Food 7(3) 284-289. 

Nahum, A., K. Hirsch, M. Danilenko et al. 2001. Lycopene inhibition of cell cycle progression in breast and endometrial cancer cells is associated with reduction in cyclin D levels and retention of p27(Kipl) in the cyclin E-cdk2 complexes. Oncogene 20(26) 3428-3436. 

Palozza, P, A. Sheriff, S. Serini et al. 2005. Lycopene induces apoptosis in immortalized fibroblasts exposed to tobacco smoke condensate through arresting cell cycle and down-regulating cyclin Dl, pAKT and pBad. Apoptosis 10(6) 1445-1456. 

Lycopene Effects on Proliferation, Cell Cycle, and Apoptosis.445... 

Obermuller-Jevic et al. (2003) comparison PrEC-non-neoplastic cells M -trans/5% cis isomers 0.5—5.0pM THF affected cell cycle, corrected for THF alone values 48 h medium changed every 24 h Lycopene uptake 3H thymidine incorporation for proliferation... 

Hwang and Bowen (2004) LNCaP Roche 10% water miscible beadlets 0.1-5.0pM DMSO in H20 6, 24, 48 h Lycopene uptake Cell viability by Trypan blue exclusion Cell cycle by flow cytometry... 

Similarly, lycopene was also able to inhibit cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase and to reduce cell proliferation by a mechanism involving cyclin Dl in normal cells. It has been reported that, after the stimulation of synchronized human normal prostate epithelial cells with growth factors, cyclin Dl protein expression increases in lycopene-untreated cells. Such an increase was lower or even absent following treatment with lycopene at the concentration of 0.5mmol/L and 5.0mmol/L, respectively. Interestingly, it was specific for cyclin Dl, since cyclin E levels remained constant and were unaffected by lycopene treatment (Obermiiller-Jevic et al., 2003). 

Moreover, we recently reported that lycopene was able to enhance the arrest of cell cycle progression induced by TAR in RAT-1 immortalized fibroblasts. TAR-exposed cells treated with lycopene showed a delay in cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and a concomitant reduction in S phase. Such effects were accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in cyclin Dl levels. On the other hand, fibroblasts treated with lycopene alone showed the same effects, although to a lower extent. The down-regulation of cyclin Dl observed in this study was dose-dependent and occurred at lycopene concentration achievable in vivo after carotenoid supplementation (Palozza et al., 2005b). 

Although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism(s) of lycopene interference with cell signaling leading to down-regulation of cyclin Dl and ultimately to cell cycle arrest in both normal and tumor cells, these reports suggest that the reduction in cyclin Dl by lycopene treatment may be a key event in the ability of the carotenoid to arrest cell cycle progression. 

In a recent study, the antiproliferative effect of different carotenoids, including (3-carotene, lycopene and lutein, on PCNA and cyclin Dl expression in human KB cells have been studied. The results indicate that carotenoids suppressed cell growth by acting as inhibitors of the expressions of PCNA and cyclin Dl, although in a different extent (Cheng et al., 2007). On the other hand, (3-carotene was able to induce a cell cycle delay in G2/M phase by decreasing the expression of cyclin A in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Palozza et al., 2002a). 

Wang, A. and Zhang L. 2007. Effect of lycopene on proliferation and cell cycle of hormone refractory prostate cancer PC-3 cell line. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 36 575-578. 

Cell cycle by flow cytometry Apoptosis by flow cytometry Lycopene uptake Proliferation by BrdU... 

Karas, M., Amir, H., Fishman, D., Danilenko, M., Segal, S., Nahum, A., Koifmann, A., Giat, Y., Levy, J., and Sharoni, Y. 2000. Lycopene interferes with cell cycle progression and insulin-like growth factor I signaling in mammary cancer cells. Nutr. Cancer 36, 101-111. 

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