Luster wool

Sheep s wool fibers are classified by their diameter fine (17-23 pm), medium (23-33pm), coarse (33-42 pm), and mixed carpet wool (20-50pm). Luster wool is mosdy beard hairs with a medulla, and scales that are close to the stem. 

The original yams were marketed as silk substitutes for use in apparel, hosiery, lace, home furnishings, ribbons, braids, and in a whole range of fabrics using blends with cotton or wool yams. As the end uses expanded beyond silk replacement, the harsh metallic luster of the yam proved disadvantageous and dull "matt" fibers had to be developed. Oil dulling was invented (11) in 1926, and an improved method using titanium dioxide was developed (12) in 1929. 

Novel finishes have been developed from the traditional chlorination of wool (180). One, the IWS soft-handle process, gives an extremely soft hand to the wool fibers and reduces the prickly effect when wool is worn next to the skin (181). The other, the soft-handle luster treatment, improves the luster. This improvement is most apparent in knitted wool jersey fabrics. 

After rubbing to sufficient luster, flush off with water, or wipe with a damp cloth. Product may be used with fine steel wool if the aluminum is heavily weathered. 

WOOL, The natural, highly crimped fiber from sheep, wool is one of the oldest fibers from the standpoint of use in textiles. Minute scales on the surface of the fibers allow them to interlock and are responsible for the ability of the fiber to felt, a phenomenon responsible for felt cloth and mill-finished worsteds. Crimpiness in wool is due to the open formation of the scales. Fine merino wool has 24 crimps per inch ( " 10 per centimeter). Luster of the fiber depends upon the size and smoothness of the scales. The basic wool protein, keratin, comprises molecular chains that are linked with sulfur. When sulfur is fed to sheep in areas deficient of the element, the quality of the wool improves. Wool fibers that fall below 3 inches (7.5 centimeters) in length are known as clothing wool fibers 3-7 inches (7.5-17.8 centimeters) long are referred to as combing wools. The wool-liber diameter ranges from 0.0025 to 0.005 inch (0.06-0.13 millimeter). See also Fibers. 

The various TEX-WETS are colloidal aqueous silica dispersions widely used in textile finishing to control yarn slippage, modify hand, and control luster. However applied, these products can be used to stabilize weave and to impart special finish effects to fabrics made of cotton, wool, synthetic fibers and filaments, and to mixtures. Treatment gives outstanding finishes on nylon and Dacron marquisettes, rayon fabrics and viscose rayon suitings. Application requires no special equipment nor curing. The dispersions are not cationic and, therefore, cannot be applied by exhaustion onto the fabric. 

Fabrics containing specialty fibers are expensive because of the difficulties in obtaining the fibers, and the amount of processing required to prepare the fibers for use. Unlimited combinations of specialty fibers with wool are possible. Specialty fibers may be used to add softness or luster to fabrics. They also enhance the insulating properties of blended fabrics. 

Space does not permit a complete discussion of the background information available on (SN)., but key landmarks in its study are summarized very briefly. Polymeric sulfur nitride was flrst prepared in 1910 by Burt (I) by passing S4N4 vapor over silver gauze or quartz wool at 100-300 °C. It was deposited outside the hot zone as very small crystals or as a fllm—when thin, the fllm was blue by transmitted light, but, as it became thicker, it became opaque and took on a bronze metallic luster by reflected light. 

Some ratio of specular to diffuse reflectance is generally accepted as a measure of luster for fibers and yarns [147-149]. Ward and Benerito [147] have shown that the ratio of specular to diffuse reflectance for cotton fibers correlates with visual luster assessments. Fourt [148] suggested a contrast ratio for evaluating luster of wool fabric, using a ratio of specular... 

Its biocompatibility and gradual disintegration support it to be a good raw material for medical textiles. Like wool, the special luster and triangle cross section has also been an inspiration for the development of some highly technical synthetic fibers, which we always called bionic fibers. Properties of sUkworm silk are shown in Table 2.1. 

By far the most important end uses of PO fibers at the moment are for carpets and floor coverings. The high growth in the consumption of PP fibers, mainly in the production of floor coverings (tufted, needlepunched, and woven carpets), has occurred partly because almost simultaneously with the production of PP fibers, the needling technique was found to be ideal for the production of carpets and floor coverings in which properties such as volume stability, low density and moisture absorption, resistance to abrasion and soiling, and a luster similar to wool are of prime importance. 

The properties of the fiber have been reported under two names Ardil in Great Britain and Sarelon in the United States. The fiber is light-cream colored in its natural state and has a soft hand luster and warmth similar to that of wool. The fiber has an affinity for dyes normally used on natural protein fibers. Solid shades of unions composed of wool and peanut protein fiber can be obtained. Fibers with tensile strengths of 0.8-1,0 gram per denier (dry) and of 0.3-0.5 gram per denier (wet) with elongation-at-break characteristics similar to wool have been made (4-6,8,11,13,33,46,55-56,58,61,69-70,73,76,77,85,86,93,95,98,123,125,126, 132,133,143,145,146,151,159,161,167,175-177,180,183,185,194,196-202, 206,208-218,220-227,229,232,235). 

In the textile industry, yam spinning was one of the very first processes to be industrialized. Spun yams may contain a single type of fiber or a blend of various types. Combining synthetic fibers (which can have high strength, luster, and fire-retardant qualities) with natural fibers (which have good water absorbency and skin-comforting qualities) is very common. The most widely used blends are cotton-polyester and wool-acrylic fibers. Blends of different natural fibers are common too, especially with more expensive fibers such as cashmere. Yams are selected for different textile products based on the characteristics of the constituent fibers, such as wool for warmth, nylon for durability, cashmere for softness, etc. 

Wool varieties include Merino, lincoln, leicester, Sussex, Cheviot, Ramboullett, and Shetland, as weU as many others. Wool is a fiber of high to moderate luster. Fabrics of wool possess a soft to moderate hand and exhibit good drapability. Wool fibers are highly absorbent and have excellent moisture transmission properties. 

Common trade names for acrylic fibers include Acrilan, Creslan, Orion, Sayelle, and Zefran. Since the acrylic fibers are usually texturized, they have a bulky wool-like hand and possess a moderate degree of luster. The fibers are of moderate strength but exhibit poor recovery from elongation. They possess fair abrasion and pilling resistance. The fiber has good... 

SPS/nylon blends have been used to form bicontinuous, self-bulking fibers resulting from melt spinning joined melt streams, one of which comprises SPS, and the other a melt spinnable polymer other than SPS (e.g., nylon 66) [49]. More typically, SPS has been used as an additive in nylon 6 to form carpet fibers that match the morphology and hence the luster and softness of natural fibers such as wool. This technology is described briefly below. 

The physical shape of fibers affects their appearance, luster, hand and feel, cohesiveness, and many other properties. The shape of fibers can be examined both in longitudinal and cross-sectional directions. The simplest longitudinal shape of fibers is straight. But many natural polymer fibers, such as cotton and wool, have crimp longitudinal shape. Synthetic nanofiber fibers can be made to have straight, crimp, coiled, or spiral shape. 

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