Nanofibers synthetic

Various strategies are used to produce electrode structures within the membrane pores, including sol—gel synthesis, CVD, eiectrodeposition, and electroless deposition. With careful control of the synthetic conditions, the pores are either filled completely or preferentially coated at the pore walls, producing hollow tubes (see Figure 10b). Following infiltration with the desired electrode material, the membrane is subsequently removed under conditions that do not disturb the active material, leaving an array of either solid nanofibers or nanotubes attached to a current collector like the bristles of a brush (Figure 11). In this case there is very limited interconnectedness between the nanofibers, except at the current collector base. 

Synthetic nanofiber matrices can provide physically and chemically stable 3D surfaces for ex vivo growth of cells. Meiners and coworkers showed that fibroblasts or rat kidney cells that have been grown on electrospun polyamide nanofiber meshes displayed all the characteristics of their counterparts in vivo [205], In addition, breast epithelial cells underwent morphogenesis to form multicellular spheroids containing lumens. 

In order to improve the properties and the spinnability, fibroin sometimes has been electrospun together with other natural or synthetic polymers (Jin et al., 2002 Park et al., 2004, 2006 Wang et al., 2004, 2006). For instance, Jin et al. (2002) developed an aqueous process for silk electrospinning in combination with PEO. More recently, Cao (2008) used PVA/Silk Fibroin (SF), Gelatin/SF, and Hydroxyapatite (HAP)/SF to produce double-layered (core-shell) nanofibers (mats) by coelectrospinning. 

Interesting recent developments are the use of hydrotalcite supported on carbon nanofibers [119], to facilitate recovery of the catalyst by filtration, and the use of synthetic hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 as a solid base catalyst in a variety of reactions including Michael additions [120]. The supported hydrotalcite exhibited higher activities and selectivities than the conventional unsupported material in the aldol condensation of citral with acetone [119]. 

Synthetic acrylic nanofibers were the first polymers to be electrospun by a process in which a grounded surface was used as a target to collect fibers emanating from a charged source [2]. Those conditions used some 40 years ago are still being employed today to enable the fabrication of almost all other polymer materials. There are a vast number of degradable synthetic polymer materials from which... 

Eby RK et al. Production of nonwoven network of synthetically spun silk nanofibers, by electrospinning a solution containing dissolved silk fibers and hexafluoroisopropanol. University of Akron, OH... 

Low surface area carbon nanotubes can be efficiently used as a catalyst support for the large scale synthesis of carbon nanofibers under relatively mild synthetic conditions, i.e. < 650 °C. The material obtained has a relatively high surface area (100-250 m /g depending on the synthesis temperature) with a mesoporous distribution. Both high carbon... 

Graphene-polymer nanocomposites share with other nanocomposites the characteristic of remarkable improvements in properties and percolation thresholds at very low filler contents. Although the majority of research has focused on polymer nanocomposites based on layered materials of natural origin, such as an MMT type of layered silicate compounds or synthetic clay (layered double hydroxide), the electrical and thermal conductivity of clay minerals are quite poor [177]. To overcome these shortcomings, carbon-based nanofillers, such as CB, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphite have been introduced to the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. Among these, carbon nanotubes have proven to be very effective as conductive fillers. An important drawback of them as nanofillers is their high production costs, which... 

Esrafilzadeh, D. M. Morshed, and H. Tavanai, An investigation on the stabilization of special polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as carbon or activated carbon nanofiber precursor. Synthetic Metals. 2009,159(3), 261-212. 

Schofer, M.D., et al., 2009. Influence of nanofibres on the growth and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells a comparison of biological collagen nanofibers and synthetic PLLA fibers. Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Medicine 20 (3), 767—774. 

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