Lupin growth

Livestock deaths have generally occurred under conditions in which animals consume large amounts of pods or toxic plants in a brief period of time. Most losses happen when hungry livestock are driven through an area of heavy lupine growth, or are trailed through an area where the grass is covered... 

Aniszewski, T. 1990. Lupin Growth and Yield Lormation in Linland. Thesis. University of Helsinki, Helsinki. 60pp. [In Finnish]... 

Rothwell and Wain (126) have isolated in crystalline form a growth inhibitor from Lupinus luteus (yellow lupine) pods which they have partially characterized. Analytical data suggested that the inhibitor possessed the characteristics of an unsaturated hydroxyketo acid. Inhibition in the wheat coleoptile cylinder test was obtained with concentrations of 0.25 to 1.0 p.p.m. 

P. Wojtaszek, M. Stobiecki, and K. Gulewicz, Role of nitrogen and plant growth regulators in the exudation and accumulation of isoflavonoids by roots of intact white lupin (Lupinus aihus L.) plants. J. Plant Phy.siol. 742 689 (1993). 

Next to the amount of P, the chemical form of this nutrient (Lambers et al. 2002 Shu et al. 2005 Shane et al. 2008) and the availability of other nutrients, especially nitrogen, potassium, and iron (Shane and Lambers 2005) affects the formation of cluster roots. It seems to be regulated by several plant hormones. Thus, application of auxin led to the production of cluster roots in white lupin at P concentrations that normally suppress cluster roots (Gilbert etal. 2000 Neumann et al. 2000). Cytokinines might also play a role, as kinetin applied to the growth medium of P-deficient white lupin inhibited the formation of cluster roots (Neumann et al. 2000). 

Evidence of the Effects of foliar a on - cereals - sugar beets - maize - potato - snap bean alkaloidal plant growth stimulation pplication of lupine extracts... 

M. A., Wysocki, W. and Gulewicz, K. 2005. Alkaloid profiles of mexican wild lupin and an effect of alkaloid preparation from Lupinus exaltatus seeds on growth and yield of paprika Capsicum annuum L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 21 1 1-7. 

Kahnt, G. and Hijazi, L. A. 1987. Effect of bitter lupin extract on growth and yield of different crops. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 159 320-328. 

Moschini et al. (2005) conducted a study in which sweet white lupin seed was included in broiler diets at 50 and 100 g/kg as a replacement for soybean meal. Growth rate was improved with the lower level of lupin seed but was reduced with the higher level. 

Cantharidin (Figure 13), isolated from Spanish fly (Lylta vesicatoria L.), inhibits the growth of very young lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seedlings, Medico sativa L., Raphanus sativus L. and Brassica napus L. and Brassica napus L. seed germination at 20 ppm. It also inhibits the growth of wheat coleoptiles, com, tobacco and bean plants (241, 242). 

Johnson, N. D. and Bentley, B. B. 1988. Effects of dietary protein and lupine alkaloids on growth and survivorship of Spodoptera eridania. J. Chem. Ecol. 14, 1391-1403... 

Lupines are best adapted to areas where summers are cool and not too dry. They suffer in heat, but serve well as annuals where conditions are not optimal. Full sun and moist, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil promote healthy growth. Water and mulch to keep soil... 

The formation of lupin alkaloids in the early days of growth seems, on the other hand, to be promoted by light, even though the assay falls on account of the more rapid simultaneous formation of carbohydrate. Thus Sabalitschka and Jungermann (39) recorded 86.2 mg. alkaloid in 2-week-old... 

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