Lung perfusion

I. F. and Repine, J.E. (1982). Granulocytes mediate acute edematous lung injury in rabbits and isolated rabbit lungs perfused with phorbol myristate acetate. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 125, 443-447. 

McDonald, R.J. (1991). Pentoxifylline reduces injury to isolated lungs perfused with human neutrophils. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 144, 1347-1350. 

Sekido N, Mukaida N, Harada A, Nakanishi I, Watanabe I, Matsushima K. Prevention of lung perfusion injury in rabbits by a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-8. Nature 1993 365 654-657. 

The basic principles to consider in establishing an experimental system for lung perfusion experiments are considered with regard to the apparatus and the mode of ventilation and perfusion. 

Vasoconstriction activity. Cigarette smoke, in isolated rat lungs perfused with blood, produced no change in pulmonary... 

Figure 3. Lung perfusion anterior scan using Kr-81m. Top, supine bottom, upright. (Photo courtesy of Drs. Matthew Horn and Kathryn Witztum, VA Medical Center, University of California, San Diego.)...

Voelkel NF, Lobel K, Westcott JY, Burke TJ. Nitric oxide-related vasoconstriction in lungs perfused with red cell lysate. FASEB J 1995 9(5) 379-86. 

Tc" 6h To image skeleton and heart muscle, brain, thyroid, lungs (perfusion and ventilation), liver, spleen, kidney (structure and filtration rate),... 

Kaneda Y, Liu D, Brooks A et al. (2001) Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of isolated lung perfusion with cisplatin in rat. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 49 443-448 Newton JFJ, Hook JB (1981) Isolated perfused rat kidney. Methods Enzymol 77 94-105... 

Lung perfusion. Mice are anaesthetized as above, abdomen opened, and the heart exposed. The right ventricle is cut and punctured in the direction of the right atrium with a blunt needle connected to the peristaltic pump. Perfusion is carried out as before, and the abdominal aorta is cut to allow the flow through. After blood clearing and tissue digestion, lungs are removed and placed in a sterile petri dish. 

M.B. Use of macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan to diagnose hepatopulmonary syndrome a new approach. Gastroenterology 1998 114 305-310... 

Jeffrey, G.R, Prince, R.L., van der Schaaf, A. Fatal intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting in cirrhosis diagnosis by radionuclide lung perfusion scan. Med. J. Aust. 1990 152 549-553... 

Inhibitory NANC responses are mediated by both VIP and NO.. NO. partially mediates the airway smooth muscle relaxant effects of VIP in the isolated perfused guinea-pig lung, as NOS inhibitors prevent relaxation induced by VIP but not that induced by isoproterenol (Lilly et al., 1993b). A significant and appropriately timed increase in the NO. content of lung perfusion fluid can be measured in response to VIP (Fig. 7.4). These data support the conclusion that interactions of VIP with NO. products mediate a substantial component of iNANC transmission. In human airways, NOS stimulated as a result of iNANC neurotransmission accounts for a substantial proportion of this relaxant response. Bel-visi and co-workers have shown that the a-chymotrypsin-resistant component of the human iNANC response can be abolished by treatment with NOS inhibitors (Belvisi et al., 1992). 

Measuring lung perfusion using an injection of "" Tcmacroaggregated albumin... 

Earlier we described how pharmacokinetic and dynamic properties of inhaled drugs are relevant for pulmonary selectivity. The assessment of pharmacokinetic and dynamic properties is consequently relevant for drug development and clinical practice. This section reviews some of the relevant techniques for assessing such properties. The available tools range from cell culture or isolated lung perfusion models to mucociliary clearance analysis, imaging techniques, and in vivo pharmacokinetic and dynamic analysis of the inhaled drug. 

In contrast to the lack of effect on prostaglandin biosynthesis in broken cell preparations , anti-inflammatory steroids exhibit potent inhibitory effects on prostaglandin production in rheumatoid synovial , HSDM-jC mouse fibrosarcoma and MC5-5 mouse fibroblast cultures, as well as in rat synovia and rabbit uvea in vivo 5. Corticosteroids also block the release of prostaglandins in guinea pig lungs perfused with RCS-releasing factor . Available data are consistent with a site of action prior to the release of arachidonic acid . 

Travers 1974). Animal studies reveal that arrhythmias may result from sensitization ofthe heart to epinephrine (Carlson 1981 Clark and Tinston 1973 Reinhardt et al. 1973). Hypoxia may exacerbate the situation (Reinhardt et al. 1971). Therefore, acute lethal exposure levels may be lower in individuals exposed during physical exertion (King et al. 1985 Ranson and Berry 1986 Troutman 1988). Physical exertion also may decrease the acute lethal exposure level by increasing the respiratory rate and lung perfusion rate, thereby increasing the systemic absorption of... 

Milliere M, Foth H, Kahl R. et al. 1987. Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in the combined rat liver- lung perfusion system. Toxicology 45 143-154. 

Intravenous injection Lung perfusion scintigraphy Radionuclide venography... 

Lung perfusion scintigraphy immediately after intravenous injection... 

Davis MD, Taube RA (1979) Re toxicity and safety factors associated with lung perfusion studies with radiolabeled particles (letter to the editor). J Nucl Med 20 1099 Dibos PE (1995) Deep venous thrombosis. In Wagner HN Jr, Szabo S, Buchanan JW (eds) Principles of nuclear medicine, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 872-880 Council of Europe (2004 a) Human albumin injection, monograph 255. European pharmacopeia. Council of Europe, Maisonneuve, Sainte-Ruffine... 

Taplin GV, Chopra SK (1978) Lung perfusion-inhalation scintigraphy in obstructive airway disease and pulmonary embolism. Radiol Clin N Am 16 491-513 Taplin GV, MacDonald NS (1971) Radiochemistry of macroaggregated albumin and newer lung scanning agents. Sem Nucl Med 1 132-152... 

Heyman S (1979) Toxicity and safety factors associated with lung perfusion studies with radiolabeled particles. J Nucl Med 20 1098-1099... 

Assessment of pulmonary ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, and for the differential diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in combination with lung perfusion scintigraphy... 

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