Lung oedema

Lurie, A., Theven, D., Brun-Pascaud, M., Fay, M and Pocidalo, J.J. (1988). Acute hyperoxic lung oedema is not reduced by granulocyte depletion in rats. Respiration 53, 232-238. 

Selenium when added to incendiary formulations, produces an oxide smoke which can cause lung oedema when inhaled (Ref 8). Toxicity, low dust or fumes causes serious irritation of respiratory tract (Ref 7)... 

Tetranitromethane is highly toxic. Kiese [48] found that 25 mg/per kg of body weight of tetranitromethane slowly injected intravenously caused transitory methaemoglobinaemia, as well as lung oedema and damage to the liver, kidney and central nervous system. Tetranitromethane injected quickly caused necrosis around the puncture which could be fatal. 

Fig. 2.5 X-rays recorded for (A) a toxic lung oedema 15 h after exposure to phosgene (31 yr old male), (B) a heavily toxic lung oedema...

Cadmium Kidney damage, hypertension, lung oedema, gastrointestinal disturbances, bone disorders... 

MANNITOL AND SORBITOL (see B05B C, B05C) are mainly used in cases of cerebral and lung oedema. 

Pulmotoxic syndrome severe lung oedema, acute respiratory insufficiency, bron-chopneumonia. 

The objective status General status - very severe, shock state, dispnoea, severe lung oedema, cyanoses, heavy respiratory insufficiency. After treatment with reanimation preparations, pulmo-protective therapy and detoxic drugs, the patient recovered. 

Pulmo-toxic syndrome toxic lung oedema, bronchial spasm, early bronchopneumonia, acute respiratory insufficiency, apnoea. 

Pulmo-toxic syndrome dispnea, orthopnea, tachipnea, apnea, cyanosis obtrusional phenomena broncho-vesicular-capillary block (multiple dendrite obtrusions in the bronchi, multiple atelectatic bronchopneumonia niduses) and "moist lungs" (toxic lung oedema). 

A wide variety of species have been treated with both case-associated and reconstituted oils, with only a few reports that some of the classical symptoms have been observed in mice (eosinophilia and elevated IgE) and rats (lung oedema, respiratory difficulties, splenomegaly). Possible explanations for the generally negative results in animal models are that toxic oil syndrome may be a uniquely human disease, animals may have a lower sensitivity to toxic oils, the dose used may not have been adequate, and multiple agents, genetic factors, and biochemical alterations may be involved in disease development. 

Diborane is one of three most toxically efficient boron compounds. Its LD50 is 30 to 90 mg m during a 4-hour exposure [77]. In the course of higher exposure, manifestations of the irritation of the central nervous system, damage to the kidneys, and lung oedema are observed. Concentrations exceeding 2 to 4 ppm [78] can be detected by the smell and a 15-minute exposure to 159 ppm is lethal [79]. 

Following the inhalation of the dust of many cobalt compounds a considerable irritation of the upper airways was observed, which can lead even to lung oedema in experimental animals. As a consequence of the inhalation, a special form of pneumonia, interstitial pneumonitis with hyper-globulinaemia, and asthmatic reactions or involvement of lungs with the eosinophilia [102, 103], is frequently described. 

KoUarik M, Dinh QT, Fischer A, Undem BJ (2003) Capsaicin-sensitive and -insensitive vagal bronchopulmonary C-fibres in the mouse. J Physiol 551 869-879 Korpas J, Widdicombe JG, Vrabec M, Kudticka J (1993) Effect of experimental lung oedema on cough sound creation. Respir Med 87 55-59... 

Air embolism in unanaesthetized sheep causes increased permeability, lung oedema associated with oxidant stress ° and increase in thromboxane and prostacyclin in lung lymph and plasma Whereas superoxide dismutase and heparin prevented the increase in lung vascular permeability OKY-046, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, did not Therefore, it is conceivable that superoxide anion released from activated neutrophils is causative in this form of lung injury . 

Rahmani, H., S. Leonhardt, D. Beladdale, et al. 2004. Severe acute lung oedema after rectal enema with cade oil. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 42(4) 487. 

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