Granulocytes, depletion

Lurie, A., Theven, D., Brun-Pascaud, M., Fay, M and Pocidalo, J.J. (1988). Acute hyperoxic lung oedema is not reduced by granulocyte depletion in rats. Respiration 53, 232-238. 

Conlan JW, North RJ Neutrophils are essential for early s,nii-Listeria defence in the liver, but not in the spleen or peritoneal cavity, as revealed by a granulocyte-depleting monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med 1994 179 259-268. 

Heflin, A.C. and Brigham, K.L. (1981). Prevention by granulocyte depletion of increased vascular permeability of sheep lung following endotoxemia. j. Clin. Invest., 68, 1253— 1260... 

Cibulas W Jr., Brooks SM, Murlas CG, et al. 1988. Toluene diisocyanate-induced airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs depleted of granulocytes. J Appl Physiol 64(5) 1773-1778. 

NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and a small population of granulocytes. Currently, alemtuzumab is approved for the treatment of -cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in patients who have been treated with alkylating agents and have failed fludarabine therapy. Alemtuzumab appears to deplete leukemic and normal cells by direct antibody-dependent lysis. Patients receiving this antibody become lymphopenic and may also become neutropenic, anemic, and thrombocytopenic. As a result patients should be closely monitored for opportunistic infections and hematologic toxicity. 

The most notable feature of the dynamic response of the process to large perturbations in the number of blood cells is that the system rings, displaying an oscillatory behavior in the number of cells in the blood and other compartments of the system, as a function of time. Such large perturbations are produced by leukopheresis or exposure of the system to disease, which depletes the number of blood cells, and in total body irradiation experiments or some drug treatments as chemotherapy, which deplete the total number of cells in the production process of neutrophil granulocytes. 

The effects of sulphur mustard upon the bone marrow were investigated during World War I by Pappenheimer and Vance (1920). Rabbits exposed to sulphur mustard at a level capable of inducing bone marrow depression revealed a general depletion of all elements of the bone marrow and a replacement by fat. The cells of the granulocyte series and the megakaryocytes appeared more susceptible to damage than those of the erythropoietic series. 

Peripheral depletion of cells in the peripheral blood (lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets, erythrocytes)... 

Extreme care should be taken to prevent contamination of the analyser with cell debris. This can arise because of the lysis of granulocytes in samples examined after thawing from oyopreservation or after T ceU depletion. Blockages can be removed by flushing the system with 20-50% (v/v) bleach followed by at least six washes with clean water. If this fails the system can be washed through with 0.1% sterile tiypsin (Sigma Aldrich) fbllowed by further washing with bleach and clean water. 

If infection does set in, the bacteria destroy the newly formed cells and tissues. They also cause pus to form by overproduction of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (polys). As the polys die, they produce chemicals that digest the dead tissues, but they also kill the fibroblasts. A salve or covering can protect the wound from infection. Until all the infection is depleted, healing cannot be considered completed (1). 

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