Low-tar cigarettes

Offset harshness and irritation in development of low-yield cigarettes Increase smoke nicotine delivery of low-tar cigarettes relative to higher tar controls Increase... 

Pritchard, J.N. Black, A. (1984) An estimate of the tar particulate matter depositing in the respiratory tracts of healthy male middle- and low-tar cigarette smokers. In Aerosols, ed. B.Y.H. Liu D.Y.H. Piu. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Cotton, P. (1993). Low tar cigarettes come under fire. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 1399. 

The development of the low-tar cigarette required enrichment of smoke flavors in order to make the product acceptable to the consumer. The flavor is enhanced by addition of undescribed materials that may include concentrates of flavor precursors obtained from tobacco, licorice, extracts from other plants, or semisynthetic or fully synthetic flavor components. Because these additives have not been identified, no... 

Green, C.R. A discussion of smoke generation and analytical procedure in The contribution of low tar cigarettes to environmental tobacco smoke J. Anal. Toxicol. 14 (1990) 261. 

Griest, W.H., R.B. Quincy, and M.R. Guerin Selected constituents in the smoke from domestic low tar cigarettes Oak Ridge Natl. Laboratory Rpt. ORNL/TM-6144/ PI (1977). 

Schlotzhauer, W.S. and O.T. Chortyk Effects of varied smoking machine parameters on deliveries of total particulate matter and selected smoke constituents from an ultra low-tar cigarette 1. Anal. Toxicol. 7 (1983) 92-95. Schlotzhauer, W.S. and O.T. Chortyk Recent advances in studies on the pyrosynthesis of cigarette smoke constituents 1. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 12 (1987) 193-222. Schlotzhauer, W.S., O.T. Chortyk, H.C. Higman, and... 

Xioa, L., Y. Yang, Z. Ren-Feng, and C. Ling Sun-cured tobacco extracts compensate in the low tar cigarette aroma application see http //www.tobacco.org.cn/news/ dspNews.jsp id=49008. 

Increase dehvery of nicotine relative to tar in low-yield cigarettes... 

Dunn WL, Jones BW, Schori TR (1973) Project 1600 - smoker psychology smoking and low delivery cigarettes - II (Tnt-3). Oct 1973. Philip Morris. Bates 1000048633-1000048654. http // tobaccodocuments.org/pm/1000048633-8654.html Dunn WL, Houck W, Jones BW, Meyer LF (1976) 1600 - Smoker psychology low delivery cigarettes and increased nicotine/tar ratios, III (Pol - 1606). Philip Morris. Bates 2024545758-2024545773. http //tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024545758-5773.html Esterle JG, Honeycutt RH, Nall JF (1979) Tar/nicotine ratios and nicotine transfer efficiencies of B W and competition brands. 20 Sep 1979. Brown WilUamson. Bates 505003431-505003438. http //tobaccodocuments.org w/94764.html Farnham F (1995) List of additives in the manufacture of tobacco products and their substitutes. Sept 1995. PhiUp Morris. Bates 2050755566-2050755578. http //tobaccodocuments.org/ product design/2050755566-5578.html... 

Houck WG, Jones B, Martin P, Meyer LF (1975) 1600 - Smoker psychology low delivery cigarettes and increased nicotine/tar ratios a replication, Oct 1975, Philip Morris, Bates 1003288950-1003288967, http //tobaccodocuments,org/pm/1003288950-8967,html Houck WG, Jones BW, Meyer L (1976) 1600 - Smoker psychology low delivery cigarettes and increased nicotine/tar ratios, III, Bates 1003288934-1003288949, http //tobaccodocuments,org/ pm/1003288934-8949,html... 

The manufacturers of tobacco products add fillers, flavor enhancers, preservatives, and other additives to make the product more desirable to consumers, especially low-tar brands. Each company s list of additives was a closely guarded trade secret until 1984, when the lists were submitted to the government. The public was barred from seeing the lists until 1994. The initial list contained 700 potential additives, of which 13 are not allowed in food. One additive, ammonia, may be included to boost the absorption of nicotine and enhance the addictive kick. Sweeteners and chocolate may help make cigarettes more attractive to children and first-time users. 

Low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes are less damaging to health than cigarettes that do not have reduced tar and nicotine content. 

Despite their criticism of the possible increased use of flavorants in the filler of low- tar, low-nicotine cigarettes, the authors admitted that prior to 1980, the U.S. cigarette manufacturers had, apparently achieved a reduction of toxic and tumorigenic effects in the smoke of low- tar, low-nicotine cigarettes. ... 

Hoffmann, D. and 1. Hoffmann Significance of exposure to sidestream tobacco smoke in Environmental carcinogens. Method of analysis and exposure measurement. Vol. 9. Passive smoking, edited by l.K. O Neill, K.D. Brunnemann, B. Dodet, and D. Hoffmann, lARC, Lyon, France, lARC Sci. Publ. No. 81 (1987) 8-10. Hoffmann, D. and 1. Hoffmann On the reduction of nicotine in cigarette smoke in Nicotine, smoking, and the low-tar programme, edited by N. Wald and P. Froggatt, Oxford University Press, New York, NY (1988) 200-211. 

Virginia type cigarette with low tar, low free radicals, and rich selenium 2000 CORESTA Congress, Lisbon,... 

In a more recent study on the MSS and SSS yields from cigarettes classified as low tar, Chortyk and Schlotzhauer (723, 724a) provided data that differ substantially from... 

---