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Lorazepam abuse

The benzodiazepines currently available for clinical use vary substantially in pharmacokinetics, acute euphoriant effects, and frequency of reported dependence. It is likely, therefore, than not all benzodiazepines have the same potential for abuse. Diazepam, lorazepam, and alprazolam may have greater abuse potential than chlordiazepoxide and clorazepate (Wolf et al. 1990). Similarly, oxazepam has been reported to produce low levels of abuse (Eliding 1978). Jaffe et al. (1983) found that in recently detoxified alcoholic patients, halazepam produces minimal euphoria even at a supratherapeutic dosage. The development of partial agonist and mixed agonist/antagonist compounds at the benzodiazepine receptor complex may offer an advantage over approved benzodiazepines for use in alcoholic patients. [Pg.37]

High-potency benzodiazepines (e.g., clonazepam and lorazepam) are common alternatives to or in combination with antipsychotics for acute mania, agitation, anxiety, panic, and insomnia or in those who cannot take mood stabilizers. Lorazepam IM may be used for acute agitation. A relative contraindication for long-term benzodiazepines is a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependency. [Pg.779]

The most commonly ingested BZs by individuals seen in emergency rooms are alprazolam and clonazepam, but lorazepam and diazepam are also commonly abused. [Pg.837]

The speciflc clinical use of the numerous available benzodiazepines depends on their individual pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Drugs with a high affinity for the GABAa receptor (alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam) have high anxiolytic efficacy drugs with a short duration of action (temazepam) are used as hypnotics to minimise daytime sedative effects. Diazepam has a long half-life and duration of action and may be favoured for long-term use or when there is a history of withdrawal problems oxazepam has a slow onset of action and may be less susceptible to abuse. [Pg.476]

American Psychiatric Association Benzodiazepine Dependence, Toxicity, and Abuse A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1990 Cohn JB, Wilcox CS Low-sedation potential of buspirone compared with alprazolam and lorazepam in the treatment of anxious patients a double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry 47 409 12, 1986 Dolovich LR, Addis A, Vaillancourt JM, et al Benzodiazepine use in pregnancy and major malformations or oral cleft meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. BMJ 317 839-843, 1998 Goldberg HL, Finnerty RJ The comparative efficacy of buspirone and diazepam in the treatment of anxiety. Am J Psychiatry 136 1184—1187, 1979 Kupfer DJ, Reynolds CF 111 Management of insomnia. N Engl J Med 336 341-346, 1997... [Pg.89]

Preston, K.L. et al., Subjective and behavioral effects of diphenhydramine, lorazepam and methocarbamol evaluation of abuse liability, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 262, 707, 1992. [Pg.89]

The drugs in Schedule IV have a relatively low abuse potential and risk for psychological or physical dependence relative to those listed in Schedule in and include such drugs as barbital, phenobarbital, methylphe-nobarbital, chloral betaine (Beta Chlor), chloral hydrate, ethchlorvynol (Placidyl), ethinamate (Valmid), meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown), paraldehyde, methohexital, fenfluramine, diethyipropion, phentermine, chlor-diazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), oxazepam (Serax), clorazepate (Tranxene), flurazepam (Dalmane), clonazepam (Clonopin), prazepam (Verstran), lorazepam (Ativan), mebutamate, and dextropropoxyphene (Dar-von). [Pg.493]

Another compound used in some countries as a hypnotic is lorazepam, which can show some rebound phenomena [18], A similar compound, the chlorinated derivative of temazepam, lormetazepam, shows marked rebound phenomena [19], Flunitrazepam is aparticularly controversial benzodiazepine [20], It has achieved notoriety as the date-rape drug, although documented instances of clandestine use are sparse. It has a high abuse potential, resulting in tight scheduling. However, it does not appear to have a particular propensity to prominent rebound or withdrawal problems. [Pg.254]

Lorazepam has considerable abuse potential, and poses particular difficulties in withdrawal (17). On the other hand, a sizeable sample (n = 97) of chronic users who wanted to discontinue were generally able to use stable or decreasing doses on an as-needed basis (18). [Pg.416]

Reinforcing, subjective, and performance effects have been compared between oral diphenhydramine and the benzodiazepine lorazepam in men with a history of recreational abuse, and the results suggested that the two drugs have similar abuse potential (SEDA-21, 174). [Pg.1135]

A 57-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse developed acute respiratory failure and was given lorazepam up to 18 mg/hour during alcohol withdrawal (17). On day 43 (cumulative intravenous lorazepam dose 4089 mg, containing about 220 ml of polyethylene glycol 400), he developed oliguric acute tubular necrosis with proteinuria and granular casts. [Pg.1518]

Withdrawal resulting in severe agitation, mental status changes, elevated blood pressure, and tachycardia has been reported hours after stopping chronic use of GHB. In one case the patient admitted to substantial GHB abuse on a daily basis for 2.5 years. Previous attempts at cessation reportedly resulted in diaphoresis, tremors, and agitation. The patient required 507 mg lorazepam and 120 mg diazepam over 90 hours to control agitation. ... [Pg.1179]

Pharmacologic treatment of RLS includes dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, opioids, or anticonvulsants. In mild cases of RLS, benzodiazepines may be first-line agents. Clonazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, and temazepam have been effective. Clonazepam 0.5 to 2 mg is most frequently studied. Opiates such as methadone 5 to 20 mg, codeine 30 to 120 mg, and oxycodone 2.5 mg are very effective, but the development of tolerance is a concern. Abuse potential with opiates is also a concern due to the chronic nature of the condition. Other agents that have been used include apomorphine, amantadine, tramadol, magnesium, oxycodone, propoxyphene, gabapentin, bromocriptine, clonidine, and carbamazepine. Tolerance may de-... [Pg.1329]

The anxiolytic effects of lorazepam and possibly chlordiazepoxide may be opposed by alcohol. Alprazolam and alcohol together may possibly increase behavioural aggression. Similarly, flunitrazepam abuse can cause violent behaviour, impulsive decision-making and anterograde amnesia a report looking at violent crimes committed by abusers of flunitrazepam found that alcohol was almost always also present. Alcoholic drinks also enhance the effects of flunitrazepam when it is used as a date rape drug. ... [Pg.53]

A general and persistent anxiety with nervousness and other symptoms is termed generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It can lead to a chronic condition exacerbated by stressful events. Benzodiazepines are commonly used in treatment but they cause sedation, and long-term use may induce dependence or abuse. A second study (Woelk and Schlafke, 2010) compared the effects of Silexan with lorazepam in 78 patients with GAD. Over a 6-week period, they were administered daily either one Silexan capsule with a lorazepam placebo or a 0.5 mg lorazepam capsule and a Silexan placebo. Assessments were based on HAMA, HSQ, SAS, CGI, and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Results showed that the total HAMA score decreased by 45% and 46% in the Silexan and lorazepam groups, respectively. Other assessment scores improved to a similar extent for both groups. It was concluded that both Silexan and lorazepam had comparable positive effects in adults with GAD (Woelk and Schlafke, 2010). [Pg.393]

A 35-year-old woman with a history of mild asthma and substance abuse insufflated heroin and rapidly developed diffuse muscular pain and spasms involving the face, neck, arms, and chest. She reported that other friends had had similar experiences. She had mild physical distress, was anxious, and had hyper-reflexia without clonus. Her creatine kinase activity was 395 U/l. She received 1 liter of isotonic saline and intravenous lorazepam and improved symptomatically. She was discharged. Her urine was negative for sPychnine but positive for clenbuterol, morphine, 6-MAM, and codeine. [Pg.55]


See other pages where Lorazepam abuse is mentioned: [Pg.265]    [Pg.265]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.151]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.412]    [Pg.646]    [Pg.172]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.75]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.378]    [Pg.517]    [Pg.91]    [Pg.430]    [Pg.532]    [Pg.1267]    [Pg.588]    [Pg.324]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.45]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.824 , Pg.825 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.824 , Pg.825 ]




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Lorazepam

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