Trapped volume

LUVs Large unilamellar vesicles 100-1000 nm, large trapped volume ... 

GUVs Giant unilamellar vesicles >1 pm, huge trapped volume, unstable 9,10... 

Hope, M. J. Bally, M. B. Webb, G. Cullis, P R., Production of large unilamellar vesicles by a rapid extrusion procedure. Characterization of size distribution, trapped volume and ability to maintain a membrane potential, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 812, 55-65 (1985). 

As shown in Figure 7.11, the difference between NO engine-out emissions and the NO standards limit value corresponds to the minimal quantity of NO to be treated. This characteristic constitutes the key factor for the design of the NO Trap volume. 

Wasan, E.K., Fairchild, A., and Bally, M.B., Cationic liposome-plasmid DNA complexes used for gene transfer retain a significant trapped volume, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1998, 87, 9-14. 

Since the discovery of vesicular structures, termed liposomes, by Alec Bangham, a tremendous amount of work on applications of liposomes has emerged. The use of small unilamellar liposomes as carriers of drugs for therapeutic applications has become one of the major fields in liposome research. The majority of these applications are based on the encapsulation of water-soluble molecules within the trapped volume of the liposomes. Long circulating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modified liposomes with cytotoxic drugs doxorubicin, paclitaxel, vincristine, and lurtotecan are examples of clinically applied chemotherapeutic liposome formulations (1,2). 

Figure 2 Schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the quadrupole ion trap for laser ablation inside the ion trap. Samples inserted through the ring electrode are atomized and ionized in the trapping volume by the laser beam, entering the ring electrode from 180° relative to the sample. (From Ref. 30.)...

The sample decay curve, N t), is obtained by measuring the number of trapped atoms after various holding times. The local decay n decreases due to dipolar decay according to n = —gn , were g = 1.1 x 10 cm /s is the dipolar decay constant, which is known from measurements [25,26] and theory [27,28]. Integration over the trap volume yields N = —KgN, where k ps 0.2 results from the distribution of densities. The result is N t)/N 0) = l/ l + ngnot), thus determining the peak density no (Fig. 3). Typically, at a density of 10 cm ... 

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