Load-change flexibility

Heinzel et al. [77] compared the performance of a natural gas autothermal reformer with that of a steam reformer. The ATR reactor was loaded with a Pt catalyst on a metallic substrate followed by a fixed bed of Pt catalyst. In the start-up phase, the metallic substrate was electrically heated until the catalytic combustion of a stoichiometric methane-air mixture occurred. The reactor temperature was increased by the heat of the combustion reaction and later water was added to limit the temperature rise in the catalyst, while the air flow was reduced to sub-stoichiometric settings. With respect to the steam reformer, the behavior of the ATR reactor was more flexible regarding the start-up time and the load change, thus being more suitable for small-scale stationary applications. 

Flexibility A turndown ratio as low as 20% capacity utilization can be achieved, as well as quick load changes. 

Mix-change flexibility, 499 Mixed unit load, 2087 Mix flexibility, 499 MIDQ, see Multimethod Job Design Questionnaire... 

A suggested middle ground is a quality server provider who can deliver the features you need Load your pages on the Server and get your own domain, "www.eompany.com", that means you operate a virtual server Your presence is then quick and inexpensive to achieve. You also remain flexible and independent, so can always transfer to another server if you decide to change providers for any reason. 

Use systems that allow maximum flexibility in air flow rates and control strategies when selection of systems is based on inaccurate (preliminary) data on production processes, volumes, and raw materials to be used in the building. Emission rates from these processes and total loads might he changed during the detailed design step. 

The customer will advise on the format of the advanced shipment notification (ASN). A computerized system will give you flexibility such that you are able to transmit the information immediately the shipment is loaded. You could use a fax machine as your backup since transmission is nearly as fast but this is likely to present the customer with data-handling problems. A computerized transmission feeds the data directly onto the customer database, by-passing the manual data-entry stage. Your backup system should do the same in order that your customer perceives no noticeable change in the information. 

A tray is flexible when it operates with acceptable efficiency under conditions which deviate significandy from those established for design. The usual changes affecting flexibility are vapor and/or liquid loading. A tray may operate down to 50% and up to 120% of vapor load, and down to 15% and up to 130% of liquid load and still be efficient. Beyond these points its efficiency may fall off, and the flexible limits of the tray would be established. 

For systems that do not offer online HIAR, these procedures must be performed manually or off-line prior to loading slides on the instrument. Online HIAR methods are usually found as part of the closed-type automated staining systems, and are therefore less flexible in terms of what a technician can do to change the HIAR portion of a staining protocol to help optimize staining for particularly difficult antibodies. In spite of this, the ability to perform online HIAR is advantageous for many antibodies because it is extremely consistent and frees up technician time to complete other laboratory tasks. 

Special reference should be made to resin-liquid systems, where the phenomenon of swelling makes the case more complex. A resin s matrix is flexible and when immersed in a liquid, its volume expands, leading to an increase in its particle diameter and in turn, to a decrease in particle density (mass of diy resin per volume of swollen particle). Furthermore, the loading of the resin with ions results in further changes in its volume (Helfferich, 1995). Thus, in these cases, the particle density and diameter as well as the hydraulic density should be referred to for the swollen and loaded resin. In practice, a mean value is frequently used. 

Often it is known or suspected that future platform operating requirements nay change, which requires separation system flexibility. For example, the initial plan may be to inject gas into the producing field, but a gas pipeline outlet for the gas may be expected several years later. At that time the gas would not have to be delivered at as high a pressure, but more extensive gas conditionlng would be required to meet hydrocarbon dewpoint requirements It may be possible to utilize surplus gas conpression horsepower for gas conditioning purposes at that time As another example, it may be planned to initially load low vapor pressure crude oil into tankers at the offshore platform, but later after pipeline completion to deliver high vapor pressure crude oil to the pipeline. 

In order to compare the resilience index with the flexibility index, suppose that the RI is scaled in terms of temperature rather than load. Then the temperature RI is 6.67 K (Table III), limited by positive uncertainty in the supply temperature of stream 4. (Note that the limiting uncertainty direction changes when the RI is rescaled from load to temperature.) This means that the HEN can tolerate uncertainty of 6.67 K in any individual stream supply temperature in either a positive or negative direction. Because of linearity and convexity, it also means that the HEN can tolerate a total temperature uncertainty S,jTf - 7fN of 6.67 K, no matter how the uncertainty is distributed among the streams. Note that this does not mean that the HEN can tolerate uncertainties of 6.67 K in all... 

Polyphosphazenes are a relatively new class of biodegradable polymers. Their hydrolytic stability or instability is determined not by changes in the backbone structure but by changes in the side groups attached to an unconventional macromolecular backbone. Synthetic flexibility and versatile adaptability of polyphosphazenes make them unique for drug delivery applications. For example, Veronese et al.18 prepared polyphos-phazene microspheres with phenylalanine ethyl ester as a phosphorous substituent and loaded it with succinylsulphathiazole or naproxen. The kinetics of release from these matrices were very convenient in yielding local concentrations of the two drugs that are useful per se or when mixed with hydroxyapatite for better bone formation. Polyphosphazene matrices are also considered as potential vehicles for the delivery of proteins and vaccines.19... 

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