Lithium-doped hybrid

Lithium-doped hybrid polymer electrolytes 197 out-of-phase (B) components because of the coupling between the two SO2... 

The first commercial lithium-ion cell containing a carbon based hybrid material is the Sony Nexelion cell which was introduced in 2006.30 Nexelion cells contain a graphite/cobalt-doped amorphous tin hybrid electrode. Batteries of this cell type are used in video cameras which require high energy density but can accept the lower cycling stability of the Nexelion batteries compared to conventional lithium-ion battery systems. 

J. Fang, M. Cui, H. Lu, Z. Zhang, Y. Lai, and J. Li, Hybrid supercapacitor based on polyaniline doped with lithium salt and activated carbon electrodes, J. Cent. South Univ. TechnoL, 16, 434 39 (2009b... 

A Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LlC) is a hybrid type of capacitor. Activated carbon is used as cathode. The anode of the LlC consists of carbon material which is pre-doped with lithium ion. This pre-doping process lowers the potential of the anode and allows a high output voltage and higher energy density. 

In order to avoid the problems associated with the instability of the n-doping process of the polymer, it has been proposed to replace the n-doped polymer at the negative electrode with a carbon electrode to form the so-called hybrid capacitor [22, 33, 40]. Such hybrid capacitors with a p-doped polythiophene derivative as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode were found to outperform double-layer carbon capacitors in terms of specific power while maintaining good performance cyclability over 10000 cycles [40]. Another asymmetric hybrid capacitor has been built using a lithium titanate (Li4Ti50i2) intercalation anode, instead of a carbon electrode and PFPT electrode [35]. 

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