Anodic intercalation

SWNTs, the stability of the (C, PF ) ionic compound should be lower than in flat graphite layers. Therefore, during the electrochemical intercalation a chemical de-intercalation (decomposition) may take place, which explains the low faradaic yield of the anodic intercalation. 

While the successful commercial demonstration of a pure polymer electrolyte Li battery has not yet occurred, developmental batteries have been demonstrated. An ongoing joint venture between the 3M Company and the Canadian utility Hydro-Quebec has recently produced a Li metal anode/intercalation cathode electric vehicle (EV)-oriented battery which operates at 60-80°C. Approximately 600 cycles to 80% depth of discharge have been demonstrated by using an approximate threefold molar excess of Li metal foil to cathode active material with LiN(S02CF3)2 solute and a VO cathode. 

Since hydrolysis of graphite salts to graphite oxide (see 16.4.2.3) is a common side reaction, the acid should be as concentrated as possible, but a first-stage salt may be prepared in 70 % HCIO4 and even in less concentrated acids the anodic intercalation of anions is possible" . 

Reaction with (CH3)jSnN(CH3)2 7, Anodic intercalation into graphite ... 

Using the LiAsFg/2-Me-THF solution Brummer et al. have investigated three promising secondary lithium anode/intercalation cathode cells (cf. Fig. 20) the cathode materials are TiSj, Cr Vj S2 and VgO, j. It is claimed that such cells working for 100 to 200 cycles at attractive energy densities are feasibk. Additional information can be found in a recent publication... 

Figure 12.24 Anodic intercalation of 70 wt% HCIO4 into (a) pristine graphite, (b) stage-3 C1O3-GIC. Current density, 10 mA g of sample [384],...

Alkynyl-bridged macrocycUc metal complexes, 704 a-phase, 110 Alternate layers, 731. 751 Alternating Heisenberg model, 786 Amphiphilic molecule, 728 Analogues of TCNQ, 229. 245 Aniline linked fullerenes, 444 Anisotropic conductivity, 758 Anisotropy, 100. 113. 667 Anodic intercalation, 651 of graphite, 653... 

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