Ultrasound assisted synthesis

Pal U, Kim CW, Jadhav NA, Kang YS (2009) Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of mesoporous ZnO nanostructures of different porosities. J Phys Chem C 113(33) 14676-14680... 

Flou X, Zhou F, Sun Y, Liu W (2007) Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of dentritic ZnO nanostructure in ionic liquid. Mater Lett 61 1789-1792... 

Alammar T, Mudring AV (2009) Facile ultrasound-assisted synthesis of ZnO nanorods in an ionic liquid. Mater Lett 63 732-735... 

Kim KH, Kim KB (2008) Ultrasound assisted synthesis of nanosized lithium cobalt oxide. Ultrason Sonochem 15 1019-1025... 

Figure 15. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of diaryl ethers.

Nandurkar, N.S., Patil, D.S., and Bhanage, B.M. 2008. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of metal-1,3-diketonates. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 11 733-36. 

Efforts have been made to accelerate the reaction. Ionic liquids can be obtained in < 1 min using microwave-assisted preparation, and ultrasound-assisted synthesis leads to the rapid isolation of ionic liquids with high chemical purity. If a microwave reactor with reaction condition control mechanisms is used, ionic liquids can be conveniently prepared even on a large scale (up to 2 moles), both in high yields and with short reaction times. ... 

M. Malta, L. H. Silva, A. Galembeck, and M. Kom, Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of hybrid vanadium oxide/polyaniline nanowires, Macromol. Rapid Common., 29, 1221-1225 (2008). 

Lie Ken Jie, M.S.F., and Lau, M.M.L. (1999) Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Pyrazole Fatty Ester Derivatives from a Key Cjg Keto-AUenic Ester, Chem. Phys. Lipids 101,237-242. 

Lie Ken Jie, M.S.F., M.K. Pasha, and F. Ahmad, Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of San-talbic Acid and a Smdy of Triacylglycerol Species in Santalum album (Linn.) Seed Oil, Lipids 31 1083-1089 (1996). 

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of l-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydropyr-azoles (27) from chalcones (25) and thiosemicarbazide (26) catalyzed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) in high purity and yield was obtained after just 20 min at room temperature (Scheme 8.9), as reported by Pizzuti et al. (2009). 

Abd El-Rahman, N. M., Saleh, T. S. and Mady, M. F. 2009. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of some new 1,3,4-thiadiazole and bi(l,3,4-thiadiazole) derivatives incorporating pyrazolone moiety. Ultrason. Sonochem. 16 70-74. 

Al-Mutairi, A. A., El-Baih, F. E. M. and Al-Hazimi, H. M. 2010. Microwave versus ultrasound assisted synthesis of some new heterocycles based on pyrazolone moiety. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 14 287-299. 

Arani, N. M. and Safari, V. J. 2011. A rapid and efficient ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 5,5-diphenylhydantoins and 5,5-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoins. Ultrason. Sonochem. 

Ghahremanzadeh, R., Eereshtehnejad, R, Mirzaei, P. and Bazgir, A. 2011. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 2,2 -(2-oxoindoline-3,3-diyl)bis(17/-indene-l,3(27/)-dione) derivatives. Ultrason. Sonochem. 18 415 18. 

Hua, Y, Zou, Y, Wub, H. and Shi, D. 2012. A facile and efficient ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel dispiroheterocycles through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Ultrason. Sonochem. 19 264—269. 

Liu, C.-J. and Wang, J.-D. 2010. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel 4-(2-phenyl-l,2,3-tri-azol-4-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(17/)-(thio)ones catalyzed by Sm(C104). Molecules 15 2087-2095. 

Safaei-Ghomi, J. and Ghasemzadeh, M. A. 2011. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of dihydropy-rimidine-2-thiones. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 76 679-684. 

Sudha, S. and Pasha, M. A. 2012. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of tetrahydro-benzo[c]xan-thene-ll-ones using CAN as catalyst. Ultrason. Sonochem. 19 994-998. 

In this chapter are presented, two different liquid phase chemical synthesis methods for the preparation of M50 steel and iron nano-powders. Also, the compaction of these powders into a consolidated sample and a structural and morphological study of the powders and compacts is described here. One synthetic methodology involves the ultrasound assisted decomposition (26-28) of organometallic precursors and the other involves the use of a reducing agent to produce the fine particles from the elemental halides. In addition, the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pure iron nanopowders, its compaction and the physical properties are reported. 

Zhang et al. [41] reported an ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel quinazoline derivatives (Scheme 13.6), including a four-step synthesis of quinazoline core and the optimization of the Bischler cyclization [42]. 

Dang, F., Kato, K Imal, H Wada, S., Haneda, H., and Kuwabara, M. (2011) Growth of BaTiOa nanoparticles in ethanol-water mixture solvent under an ultrasound-assisted synthesis. Chem. Eng. / 170, 333-337. 

MICROWAVE- AND ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF MEDIUM RING-SIZED HETEROCYCLES ... 

It is well known that 2,6-diheteroaryl-containing pyridines display important biological properties such as antitumor and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory activities. Also, the introduction of ferf-butyl group into some heterocycles can greatly enhance their biological activity. Recently, Vang et al. [99] described a facile ultrasound-assisted synthesis of new 2,6-bis(5-fcrf-butyl-benzo[fc]furan-2-ylcarbonyl)pyridines from 2,6-bis(bromoacetyl)pyridine with f-butyl-substituted salicylaldehydes in acetonitrile in the presence of nontoxic and inexpensive catalyst as PEG-400. The new heterocyclic compounds were synthesized in short reaction times under mild reaction conditions with satisfactory yields. 

M. Luong, C.E. Domini, G.F. Silbestri, A.B. Chopa, Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of benzophenones by Stifle cross-coupling reactions. Optimization via experimental design, J. Orgmetal. Chem. 723 (2013) 43-48. 

V.S.V. Satyanarayana, A. Sivakumar, Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 2,5-dimethyl-N-substituted pyrroles catalyzed by uranyl nitrate hexa-hydrate, Ultrason. Sonochem. 18 (2011) 917-922. 

Z.H. Zhang, J.J. Li, T.S. Li, Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrroles catalyzed by zirconium chloride under solvent-free conditions. Ultra-son. Sonochem. 15 (2008) 673-676. 

H. Naeimi, Z.S. Nazifi, A facile one-pot ultrasound assisted synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives catalyzed by Bronsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL) under green conditions, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 (2014) 1043-1049. 

Saez-Bastante, J., Pinzi, S., et al., 2014a. Influence of vegetable oil fatty acid composition on ultrasound-assisted synthesis of biodiesel. Euel 125, 183—191. 

Kim JM, Lee G, Kim BH, Huh YS, Lee GW, Kim HJ (2012) Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of Li-rich mesoporous LiMn204 nanospheres for enhancing the electrochemical performance in Li-ion secondary batteries. Ultrason Sonochem 19 627-631... 

Ou M, Zhong Q, Zhang S, Yu L (2015) Ultrasound assisted synthesis of heterogeneous gCa N4/B1V04 composites and their visible-light-induced photocatalytic oxidation of NO in gas phase. J Alloys Compd 626 401 09... 

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