Liquor, lime

The products can be separated by crystallization and from the mother-liquor, lime will preoipitate hydrate of zinc, whioh ean afterwards be substituted for metallic zinc, for the production of sulphate of soda from common salt. 

Additional operations essential to commercial bauxite processing are steam and power generation, heat recovery to minimise energy consumption, process liquor evaporation to maintain a water balance, impurity removal from process liquor streams, classification and washing of ttihydrate, lime caustication of sodium carbonate [497-19-8] to sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2] repair and maintenance of equipment, rehabiUtation of mine and residue disposal sites, and quaUty and process control. Each operation in the process can be carried out in a variety of ways depending upon bauxite properties and optimum economic tradeoffs. 

Bleach Liquor. Bleach Hquor or lime bleach Hquor is an aqueous solution of calcium hypochlorite and calcium chloride. It typically contains 30—35 g/L of available chlorine, though it may be as high as 85 g/L. It has been used in pulp bleaching, when it can be made more cheaply than sodium hypochlorite. It is prepared on site by chlorinating lime solutions. 

Two cocrystallization processes employ dibasic crystals as intermediates. The PPG process (199—202) is discussed under commercial processes. The PPC process (203) forms dibasic crystals from lime and recovered filtrates. The dibasic crystals are separated from thek mother liquor by decantation, slurried in caustic solution and chlorinated to produce a cocrystalline slurry of Ca(OCl)2 and NaCl. The slurry is sent to a flotation cell where the larger salt crystals settle out and the smaller hypochlorite crystals float to the top with the aid of ak and flotation agent. The hypochlorite slurry is centrifuged the cake going to a dryer and the centrate to the flotation cell. The salt-rich bottoms from the flotation cell are centrifuged and washed with dibasic mother Hquor. The centrates are recycled to the precipitation step. 

About 93% of the CaCOs mud is dried and lecalcined in rotary kilns to recover the CaO. Calcium hypochlorite bleaching liquor (p. 860) for paper pulp is obtained by reacting lime and CI2. 

Bleaching powder patented by C. Tennant (CI2 4- slaked lime) following preparation of bleaching liquors from CI2 and lime solutions by T. Henry (1788)... 

End-kohlenstoff, m. terminal carbon (atom), -lage,/. end position final position, -lauge, /. final liquor spent liquor or solution (pf.) foots, -laugei lk, m. (Agric.) a product made by treating the mother liquor from potassium chloride manufacture with lime. 

Fett-industrie, /. fat industry. kalk, m. fat lime, -kohle, /. fat coal, coal rich in volatile matter, -kdrper, m. fatty compound, fat aliphatic compound fatty or greasy matter. kUgelchen, n. fat globule, fett-lickern, .f. (Leather) fat-liquor. -Idsend, a. fat-dissolving. 

Gerber-fett, n. (Leather) d gras, stuff, -hof, m. tan yard, -kalk, m. slaked lime gas lime, -lobe, /. tanbark tan liquor, -strauch, m. tanner s sumac (Rhus coriaria) ink plant (Coriaria). -wolle, /. skin wool, pelt wool. 

Haspe, Haspe,/. hasp, staple clamp cramp. Haspeli m. reel spool paddle wheel windlass. -ascher, m. (heather) paddle lime -farbe,/. (Leather) paddle liquor, haspeln, v.t. reel, wind. 

Shake the liquors with ice strain and pour into a 5-ounce Collins glass over fresh ice. Fill the glass with orange juice. Top off with a drop of grenadine and garnish with pineapple, orange and lime slices. 

Fill a pint glass with ice. Add the liquors. Fill nearly to the brim with sour mix. Add two splashes of soda plus a dash of lime juice. Pour in a shaker and shake to chill. Return to the glass and garnish with the cherry and orange. 

Citric acid (Ruthven, 1997). In the separation of citric acid from fermentation liquors the Sorbex process can be used. In the conventional process neutralization is carried out with lime followed by acidification with sulphuric acid to produce calcium sulphate as waste. The Sorbex technology avoids lime and sulphuric acid wastage and calcium sulphate disposal. 

The pulp is ground, neutralized with lime, and pressed. The press liquor is concentrated to make molasses for animal feed. The pressed pulp is dried and used as an animal feed. 

Spent pickle liquor is considered a hazardous waste (K062) because it contains considerable residual acidity and high concentrations of dissolved iron salts. For example, spent pickle liquor and waste acid from the production of stainless steel is considered hazardous. The hazardous constituents in K062 are lead, nickel, and hexavalent chromium. Waste pickle liquor sludge generated by lime stabilization of spent pickle liquor is not considered hazardous unless it exhibits one or more of the characteristics of hazardous waste. An estimated 6 million tons of spent pickle liquor are generated annually in the U.S.1... 

Calcining. In the calcining process, the lime mud removed from the white liquor is burned to regenerate lime for use in the lime mixing step. The vast majority of mills use lime kilns for this process, although a few mills now use newer fluidized bed systems in which the reactants are suspended by upward-blowing air. 

Nickel sulfate can be produced from either pure or impure sources. The pure source involves the reaction of pure nickel or nickel oxide powder (combined or separately) with sulfuric acid to produce nickel sulfate that is filtered and crystallized to produce a solid product. The impure raw material may be spent industrial liquor that contains a high percentage of nickel sulfate. The impurities in the liquor are precipitated by sequential treatment with oxidizers lime and sulfides can later be filtered out. The treated liquor, which is a pure solution of nickel sulfate, can be packaged in a drum or further crystallized and dried to produce solid nickel sulfate. Nickel sulfate is used mainly in the metal plating industries. Other uses include dyeing and printing of fabrics and production of patina, an alloy of zinc and brass. 

Lime or alkaline substances are used to neutralize the waste pickle liquor. In addition, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS),... 

Through the late 1980s, spent pickle liquor was traditionally land disposed by steel manufacturers after lime neutralization. The lime neutralization process raises the pH of the spent acid and makes heavy metals in the sludge less likely to leach into the environment. Today, however, some of the spent pickle liquor can be recycled or regenerated on-site by steel manufacturers.5... 

Soda ash is mixed with lime and the liquor from the second of three thickeners and passed to the first thickener where separation is effected. The quantity of this caustic solution leaving the first thickener is such as to yield 10 Mg of caustic soda per day of 24 hours. The solution contains 95 kg of caustic soda/1000 kg of water, whilst the sludge leaving each of the thickeners consists of one part of solids to one of liquid. 

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