Paddle-wheel

One can also do work by stirring, e.g. by driving a paddle wheel as in the Joule experiment above. If tire paddle is taken as part of the system, the energy input (as work) is detemiined by appropriate measurements on the electric motor, falling weights or whatever drives the paddle. 

A plate-type filter, the PDF filter (18), uses a paddle wheel with radial, longitudinal plates coveted with filter cloth and manifolded to the filter valve at one end of the vessel, instead of a dmm. This filter uses a horizontal pressure vessel, was built to have only 0.75 or 1.5 m area, and operates at 25 kPa. A central screw conveyor collects the cake blown off the plates and conveys it to the discharge end of the vessel. 

In California, Spirulina sp. grown in paddle-wheel-agitated open ponds with CO2 is harvested through stainless steel screens, with recycling of the nutrient-rich water to the ponds. The wet Spirulina is spray-dried at 60°C for a few seconds to yield a food-grade product (47). 

Design In stirred miUs, a central paddle wheel or disced armature stirs the media at speeds from 100 to 1500 r/min. The media oscillate in one or more planes and commonly rotate veiy slowly. 

Rotational flow occurs in an element of a fluid that rotates about its axis, in addition to having translational motion (e.g., water passing through a paddle wheel). 

Paddle wheel impellers A radial blade impeller on a fan, used for dust conveying due to its self-cleansing properties. 

Haspe, Haspe,/. hasp, staple clamp cramp. Haspeli m. reel spool paddle wheel windlass. -ascher, m. (heather) paddle lime -farbe,/. (Leather) paddle liquor, haspeln, v.t. reel, wind. 

In the middle of the nineteenth century some ship designers began to replace paddle wheels with propellers (or screws). A propeller has a series of identical blades placed around a hub that is driven by the engine. W. J. M. Rankinc presented a theoretical model of the ideal propeller in his classic paper On... 

Straight blades or paddle wheel Low efficiency used for conveying particle-laden air. 

Heat, like work, is energy in transit and is not a function of the state of a system. Heat and work are interconvertible. A steam engine is an example of a machine designed to convert heat into work.h The turning of a paddle wheel in a tank of water to produce heat from friction represents the reverse process, the conversion of work into heat. 

Abstract The dirhodium(II) core is a template onto which both achiral and chiral ligands are placed so that four exist in a paddle wheel fashion around the core. The resulting structures are effective electrophilic catalysts for diazo decomposition in reactions that involve metal carbene intermediates. High selectivities are achieved in transformations ranging from addition to insertion and association. The syntheses of natural products and compounds of biological interest have employed these catalysts and methods with increasing frequency. 

The use of dirhodium(II) catalysts for catalytic reactions with diazo compounds was initiated by Ph. Teyssie [14] in the 1970s and rapidly spread to other laboratories [1]. The first uses were with dirhodium(II) tetraacetate and the more soluble tetraoctanoate, Rh2(oct)4 [15]. Rhodium acetate, revealed to have the paddle wheel structure and exist with a Rh-Rh single bond [16], was conve-... 

One clever experimenter placed a tiny paddle wheel in the path of cathode rays. The rays turned the wheel, indicating that they were actually particles. 

Several tri(cyclopentadienyl)tin(ll) and lead(ll) complexes have been prepared with alkali metal cations. The arrangement of Cp rings around the metal is in a paddle wheel configuration the alkali cation is bound to Cp and not Sn or Pb, further supporting the view of a weak alkali metal group 14 bond. Representative examples of these compounds include (77S-Cp)2E(/r-Cp)-Na(PMDTA) (E = Sn 230, Pb 231).239 240... 

A larger trimethyl TTF—CH CH—py derivative (Me3TTF—CH=CH—py) was coordinated to a Co11 benzoate dimer, having paddle wheel core structure [51]. 

Paddle type mixers, 26 720 Paddle wheel clusters, 8 82-84 Pad-steam dyeing, 9 194 Pails, as industrial materials packaging, 18 6-7... 

Radial fans, perhaps more descriptively known as paddle wheel fans, have blades located at right angles to the direction of flow. Because they do not clog as readily as the other two types, they are widely used in conditions where there is heavy dust or otherwise sticky materials. They are reasonably cost-effective, and because they operate at medium speed, they are also somewhat less noisy. 

Figs. 12 and 13 show the crystal structure of 6-Gd. Four of the linear POM-catalyst dicarboxylic acid units, 5, are linked by di-lanthanide paddle wheel junctions (Fig. 12) into the open-framework material 96). Fig. 13 shows the large channels in 6-Gd. These are filled with dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules that are hard to remove (the boiling point of DMF at 1.0 atmosphere — 151 °C). Thus while the solvent-accessible internal volume of 6-Gd is 50.5% of the crystal... 

Fig. 12. A portion of the X-ray crystal structure of 6-Gd showing one Gd2(OOCR)4 paddle wheel junction connecting four triesterified Ve polyanions. (Only one of the triesterhenzoate moieties of the two hound to each polyanion is shown.)...

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