Liquid explosives mixtures with

Detonation characteristics of liquid explosive mixtures with nitrobenzene were studied. 

Ozone in the solid state forms explosive mixtures with liquid hydrogen. It also detonates in contact with iiquid nitrogen if there are metai impurities present. 

Procedures relevant to safe handling and use are discussed. Perchloryl fluoride is stable to heat, shock and moisture, but is a powerful oxidiser comparable with liquid oxygen. It fonns flammable and/or explosive mixtures with combustible gases and vapours [1,2]. It only reacts with strongly nucleophilic centres, and the by-product, chloric acid is dangerously explosive in admixture with organic compounds [3], Safety aspects of practical use of perchloryl fluoride have been reviewed [4],... 

Potassium ignites in fluorine and in dry chlorine (unlike sodium). In bromine vapour it incandesces, and explodes violently in liquid bromine. Mixtures with iodine incandesce on heating, and explode weakly on impact. Potassium reacts explosively with molten iodine bromide and iodine, and a mixture with the former is shock-sensitive and explodes strongly. Molten potassium reacts explosively with iodine pentafluoride [1], Contact with iodine trichloride causes ignition [2],... 

Carbon disulfide is an extremely flammable liquid, the closed cup flash point being -22°F (-30°C). Its autoignition temperature is 90°C (194°F). Its vapors form explosive mixtures with air, within a wide range of 1.3 to 50.0% by volume in air. Reactions with certain substances can progress to explosive violence. They include finely divided metals, alkali metals, azides, fulminates, and nitrogen dioxide. 

Nickel tetracarbonyl is both a fire and explosion hazard and is a highly toxic compound. It is a volatile flammable liquid with a flash point (closed cup) -4°F (-18°C) and forms explosive mixtures with air. It explodes when heated in oxygen or air or when it is dry and shaken vigorously with oxygen in the presence of mercury or mercuric oxide. 

ETHYL ALCOHOL, [CAS 64-17-5] C H,OH. formula weight 46.07. is a colorless liquid with mild characteristic odor, rnp -114 ] C, bp 78.32 C. sp gr 0.789. Also known as ethanol, the compound is miscible in all proportions with H 0 or ether. When ignited, ethyl alcohol burns in air with a pale blue, transparent flame, producing H 0 and CO . The vapor forms an explosive mixture with air and it is used in some internal cumbustiim engines under compression as a fuel. See also Fuel. Such mixtures are frequently referred lo as gasnhol. 

While styrene is not confirmed as a carcinogen, it is considered a suspect carcinogen. Styrene liquid is inflammable and has sufficient vapor pressure at slightly elevated temperatures to form explosive mixtures with air. Properly inhibited and attended, styrene can be stored for an extended period of time. 

The sodamide which is formed remains liquid (m.p. 210°) and does not prevent contact between the remaining sodium and the ammonia gas. The progress of the reaction is followed by passing the effluent gas through water which absorbs the ammonia and allows the hydrogen to pass if there is unabsorbed gas which forms an explosive mixture with air, the reaction is not yet complete. For the second step, the sodamide is introduced into a nickel or nickel-lined, trough-shaped autoclave along the bottom... 

The liquid can be exploded by a detonator, though not by mechanical shock [1]. Use of propylene oxide as a biological sterilant is hazardous because of ready formation of explosive mixtures with air (2.8—37%). Commercially available mixtures with carbon dioxide, though non-explosive, may be asphyxiant and vesicant [1], Such mixtures may be ineffective, but neat propylene oxide vapour may be used safely, provided that it is removed by evacuation using a water-jet pump [2]. The main factors involved in the use and safe handling on a laboratory scale have been discussed [3]. The energy of decomposition (in range 340—500°C) has been measured as 1.114 kJ/g [4]. 

All hydrocarbons (and most reducing agents) form explosive mixtures with liquid air. See Nitrogen (Liquid)... 

IFF (molecular weight 100.02) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless nontoxic gas.11 It is stored as a liquid (its vapor pressure at -20°C is 1 MPa) and polymerized usually above its critical temperature of 33.3°C (91.9°F) and below its critical pressure 3.94 MPa (571 psi). The polymerization reaction is exothermic. In the absence of air it disproportionates violently to yield carbon and carbon tetrafluo-ride. This reaction generates the same amount of energy as an explosion of black powder. The decomposition is initiated thermally therefore, the equipment used in handling and polymerization of IFF has to be without hot spots. The flammability limits are 14 to 43% TFE bums when mixed with air and forms explosive mixtures with air and oxygen. The ignition temperature is 600 to 800°C (1112 to 1472°F).12 When stored in steel cylinder it has to be under controlled conditions and with a suitable inhibitor. 

Trichlorosilane is a colourless transparent liquid (the boiling point is 31.8°C, the density is 1.38 g/cm3). It dissolves well in organic solvents, fumes in air and is very sensitive to moisture in air. It is combustible and forms an explosive mixture with air. 

Oligomers I and II are nontoxic transparent liquids they do not form explosive mixtures with air. They disintegrated at the boiling temperature. 

This compound is a colorless, mobile liquid with a pleasant smell. It is practically insoluble in water, but is soluble in alcohol and in most organic solvents. Ethyl nitrate vapors readily form explosive mixtures with air even at room temperature the lower explosion limit is at 3.8% ethyl nitrate. 

Metallic Pigments. These pigments are metal flakes of various sizes made up of aluminum, copper, zinc, and/or their alloys. The aluminum flakes develop the silver metallic colors, whereas the copper, zinc, and aluminum alloys produce the gold, copper, brass, and bronze colors. The metal effect is modified, not only by shape and size, but also by perticle size distribution within a given product. Since aluminum, in particular, as a fine dry powder, can form explosive mixtures with air, most of these materials are commercially available in paste or liquid concentrates. In addition, surface treatments of these materials enhance their appearance and performance. Flakes of other metals, such as stainless steel, are used for surface protection purposes such as corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. 

As a very essential requirement, there shall be absolutely no internal source of release of a combustible gas, vapour, mist or liquid. Even small volumes of gases with low LEL values (see Table 1.1 in Section 1.2), e.g. acetylene or benzene, can form an explosive mixture (with air) with a volume exceeding the volume of release by a factor 101 to 102 (as an order of magnitude). So, one mole of acetylene (=26g) can form a volume of more than 1 m3 explosive atmosphere. Or, as a second example a high voltage oil-blast circuit breaker with 200 MVA rated breaking capacity generates 70-80 litres... 

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