Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry chemical warfare agents

Wada, T., Nagasawa, E. and Hanaoka, S. (2006) Simultaneous determination of degradation products related to chemical warfare agents by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 20(9), 573-79. 

R.M. Black and R.W. Read, Analysis of degradation products of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents and related compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, J. Chromatogr A, 794, 233-244 (1998). 

R.W. Read and R.M. Black, Rapid screening procedures for the hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents using positive and negative ion liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, J. Chromatogr. A, 862, 169-177 (1999). 

Figure 4. APCI (left) and ESI spectra of isopropyl ethylphosphonic acid, illustrating the lower abundance of adduct ions with APCI ions at mlz, 143 and 185 are adduct ions with MeOH mlz 175 is [M + Na]+. (Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography A, 794, R.M. Black and R.W. Read, Analysis of degradation products of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents and related compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation, pp. 233-244 (1998), with permission from Elsevier)...

J.R. Smith and M.L. Shih, Analysis of the degradation compounds of chemical warfare agents using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. Appl. Toxicol., 21, S27-S34 (2001). 

Lee, H.S.N., M.T. Sng, C. Basheer, and H.K. Lee. 2007. Determination of degradation products of chemical warfare agents in water using hollow fibre-protected liquid-phase microextraction with in situ deri-vatisation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1148 8-15. 

R.M. Black and R.W. Read, Application of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis and identification of degradation products of chemical warfare agents, J. Chromatogr. A, 759, 79-92 (1997). 

P.A. D Agostino, J.R. Hancock and L.R. Provost, Packed capillary liquid chromatography-electro-spray mass spectrometry analysis of organophos-phorus chemical warfare agents, J. Chromatogr. A, 840, 289-294 (1999). 

Adducts with macromolecules, particularly proteins, offer long-lived biological markers of exposure to Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA), possibly up to several months. Gas or liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry, are the methods of choice for unequivocal identification of these adducts or metabolites at trace levels. Several... 

Carol-Visser, J., Van der Schans, M., Fidder, A., Hulst, A.G., Van Baar, B.L.M., Irth, H., Noort, D. (2008). Development of an automated on-line pepsin digestion-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry configuration for the rapid analysis of protein adducts of chemical warfare agents. J. Chromatogr. B 870 91-7. 

D Agostino PA, Hancock JR, and Provost LR (1999) Packed capillary liquid chromatography - electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents. Journal of Chromatography A 840 289-294. 

Owens, I, Koester, C. (2009) Quantitative analysis of chemical warfare agent degradation products in beverages by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 8227-8235. 

Kubachka, K.M., et al. (2008) Detection of chemical warfare agent degradation products in foods using liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1202,124—131. 

Figure 4.4 LC-ICP-MS analysis of alkyl phosphonic acids in food and beverage matrices [24]. Reprinted from Kubachka, K.M., Richardson, D.D., Heitkemper, D.T., Caruso, J.A., Detection of chemical warfare agent degradation products in foods using liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Journal of Chromatography A, 2008, 1202, (2), 124-131, with permission from Elsevier...

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