Lipoprotein alcohol effects

Thirdly, the lipoprotein lipase from Psuedomonos species (PSL) reacted with racemic cyanohydrin 45 to give the acetate (ethanoate) 46 of S configuration with 98% ee after 59% conversion (Scheme 3.4). The unreacted alcohol, effectively now resolved into the enantiomer of R configuration 47, because of its rejection by the enzyme, was then converted into the hydroxy ester 48, which is an important intermediate in the synthesis of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (see Wang et alP). 

The effects of wine and its polyphenol constituents on early indicators of coronary heart disease such as elevated levels of plasma lipids, platelets and serum antioxidant activity were discussed in a review by Cooper et al. (2004). This review also addressed whether the polyphenols or alcohol are responsible for the beneficial effects of wine on cardio-vascular health. The authors conclude that red wine polyphenols have little effect on plasma lipid concentrations, but that wine consumption reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to oxidation and increase serum antioxidant capacity. These effects, however, do depend on the amount of wine that is consumed and the period of supplementation. It was suggested that specific polyphenols appear to have endothelium-dependent vaso-relaxing abilities. Red wine phenolics also have an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Evidence suggests that alcohol has a positive synergistic effect with wine polyphenols on some atherosclerosis risk factors. Thus, evidence that wine drinking is beneficial for cardiac health appears positive. 

Blood lipoproteins. Moderate intake of alcoholic drinks may increase high density hpoprotein and diminish low density lipoprotein, which may account for the observed protective effect against ischaemic heart disease (see below). 

Vasisht S, Pant MC, and Srivastava LM, Effect of alcohol on serum lipids lipoproteins in male drinkers, Indian J Med Res, Dec 1992 96 333-337. 

Danger RD, Criqui MH, and Reed DM, Lipoproteins and blood pressure as biological pathways for effect of moderate alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease. Circulation, Mar 1992 85(3) 910-915. 

Fig. 10. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulate the effects of the APOA-IG-A polymorphism on high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations in a gender-specific manner [data from Ordovas etal. (115), reproduced with permission]. In women carriers of the A allele, higher PUFA intakes were associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations, whereas the opposite effect was observed in G/G women. Adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol, smoking, intake of energy, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Interaction of G x PUFA, P< 0.005.

Fumeron, F., Betoulle, D., Luc, G.. Behague. I.. Ricard, B., Poirier, O., Jemaa, R., Evans, A., Arveiler. D.. Marques-Vidal, R, Bard, J.M., Fruchart, J.C., Ducimetiere. P.. Apfelbaum, M., and Cambien, F. (1995) Alcohol Intake Modulates the Effect of a Polymorphism of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene on Plasma High Density Lipoprotein and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, 7. Clin.Investig. 96,1664-1671. 

To conclude this review we will breifly mention the conformation of (Lys)jj in lipid solutions. These lipids are associated with membranes and lipoproteins. We will illustrate the effect of two phosphoglycerides, which consist of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains and a phosphorylated alcohol (Figure 10). These lipids are insoluble in water but... 

Due to its effect on HDL cholesterol it has been suggested that moderate alcohol consumption may be protective against coronary artery disease. In order to test the effect of alcohol on Apo A-I containing particles we have measured LpA-I and LpA-I A-II in plasma from 350 male subjects matched for age and clinical data. These subjects have been divided into five groups according to their alcohol consumption. The results confirm that alcohol consumption increases HDL cholesterol by 31%, but more remarkable is the fact that alcohol increases LpA-I A-II particles, while it decreases LpA-I particles (Fig. 3). Thus, the increase in HDL cholesterol upon alcohol consumption reflects the increase of LpA-I A-II, hiding the decrease in LpA-I, the lipoprotein particles probably involved in cholesterol reverse transport. 

Girosital was administered to 33 men with long-standing alcohol abuse, twice daily for 3 months. It signi cantly reduced serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein and increased the level of HDL-cholesterin it was particularly effective for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia types Ilb... 

Special fat-carrying proteins which are produced in the liver. Beta-lipoproteins are also called low density lipoproteins (LDL). Normally, they contain from 10 to 50% triglycerides, 22 to 45% cholesterol, 18 to 22% phospholipid, and 9 to 21% proteins. It is not desirable for one to have a high blood level of beta-lipoproteins because the cholesterol they carry may be deposited in the blood vessels. However, alpha-lipoproteins (HDL) convey cholesterol in a much more stable complex, so that there is little risk of cholesterol deposits when the blood levels of these proteins are elevated. It appears that the levels of beta- lipoproteins may be reduced, and those of alpha-lipoproteins raised by (1) loss of excess body weight, (2) strenuous physical exercise, (3) a diet low in animal fats and cholesterol, (4) drugs such as clofibrate and niacin (this vitamin must be administered in large doses to achieve the desired effects), and (5) moderate amounts of alcohol. 

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