Lipids in fish

Nichols, P. D., Mooney, B. D., and Elliott, N. G. (2001). Unusually high levels of non-saponifiable lipids in fishes escolar and rudderfish identification by gas and thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 936,183-191. 

Ambrose, M.E., Roche, B.J., and Knoble, Jr., G.M. 1969. Semimicro method for determining total lipids in fish meal. J. Assoc. Off. Anal.. Chem. 52 688-691. 

Lee, C.M., Trevino, B., and Chaiyawat, M. 1996. A simple and rapid solvent extraction method for determining total lipids in fish tissue. JAOCS International 79 487-492. 

Gunnlaugsdottir, H. and Ackman, R.G. 1993. Three extraction methods for determination of lipids in fish meal Evaluation of a hexane/isopropanol method as an alternative to chloroform-based methods../. Sci. Food Agric. 61 235-240. 

Table 6 Total PBDE concentrations (EPBDE, in ng/g lipid) in fishes from the Great Lakes, sequenced by decreasing concentration...

This phenomenon was later proved valid for poikilothennic animals also, including fish (Kizevetter, 1942 Shkorbatov, 1961 Ackman, 1964 Hilditch and Williams, 1964 Lunde, 1973). The desaturation of lipids in fish and other water animals varies with the climatic-geographical zone, with annual cycles (depending on changing water temperature) and with temperature adaptations which develop under experimental conditions (Hoar and Cottle, 1932 Lewis, 1962 Farkas and Herodek, 1964 Privolnev and Brizinova, 1964). 

Table 1 Iodine values of lipids in fish of varying degrees of activity.

Shulman, G.E. and Yuneva, T.V. (1990b). Docosohexaenoic acid and unsaturation of lipids in fish (In Russian). Gydrobiologicheskii Zhumal 26,50-55. 

The basis for the relationship between bioconcentration and log Kow is the analogy for the partition process between the lipid phase of fish and water and the partition process between n-octanol and water. The reason for using K w arises from the ability of octanol to act as a satisfactory surrogate for lipids in fish tissue. Highly significant relationships between log Kow and the solubility of substances in cod liver oil and triolin exist (Niimi, 1991). Triolin is one of the most abundant triacylglycerols found in freshwater fish lipids (Henderson and Tocher, 1987). 

Fish sausages, terrines, and puddings elaborated with this treatment are commercialized in the Japanese market (Cheftel, 1995). When codfish meat was treated at 202,404 and 608 MPa during 15 to 30 min, the peroxide value of the oils extracted increased as pressure and time increased. However, when lipids extracted from fishes (sardine) and when defatted muscle is absent, the oxidation is minimum. This suggests that HP catalyzes the oxidation of lipids in fish muscles (Cheah and Ledward, 1995). 

Factors involved in smoking — primarily drying, salting, heating, and impregnation with smoke constituents — may have some prooxidative as well as antioxidative effects on lipids in fish muscle (Sikorski and Kolakowska, 2001). Hot smoking of fresh fish, or fish stored frozen for a short time, resulted in increases in hydro-... 

Koizumi, C., Takada, M., Ohshima, T., and Wada, S., 1986, Changes in the composition of lipids in fish meats on thermal processing at high temperature. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fisheries, 52, 1095. 

Tocopherols occur in fish lipids (Ackman, 1974). The level of a-tocopherol shows an inverse relationship with total fish lipids, i.e. 500-600/ g/g in lean fish, 100-200//g/g lipid in fish with high lipid levels. Typical levels in fatty fish are 200-300//g/g lipid. 

Platonia insignis, 70 Plexaura homoalla, 1 Pneumococcus, 35 Podocarpus nagi, 5 Polar groups in lipids, 321 Polar lipids in fish, 131 Polarizability, 355 Polishing, 191 Pollen, 5 Polyamides, 473... 

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