Lipids annual

Thompson, G.A. and Nozawa, Y. (1972). Lipids of Protozoa Phospholipids and Neutral Lipids . Annual Reviews of Microbiology, 26, 249-278. 

Dawidowicz, E. A., 1987. Dynamics of membrane lipid metabolism and turnover. Annual Review of Biochemistry 56 43—61. 

Fasting lipid profiles should be obtained at each follow- up visit if not at goal, annually if stable and at goal, or every 2 years if the profile suggests low risk. 

Weight should be monitored monthly for 3 months, then quarterly. Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and fasting lipid profile should be monitored at the end of 3 months, then annually. The use of patient self-assessments are encouraged. 

In patients with ESRD, lipid profile should be reassessed at least annually and 2 to 3 months after changing treatment. 

In an early report of the 1982 annual results of the National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS), a compound identified as di- -octylphthalate was reportedly detected in 31% of the composite human adipose tissue samples taken in the various regions of the United States that year. Concentrations in lipid ranged from below the level of detection (9 ng/sample) to a maximum of 850 ng/g (EPA 1986d). However, a later report of the 1982 results stated that the chemical detected was not di- -octylphthalate, but was actually diethylhexyl phthalate (EPA 1989b). 

Huckins, J.N. Petty, J.D. Robertson, G.L. Clark, R.C. Cranor, W.L. Alvarez, D.A. Gale, R.W. 2001, Calibration of Lipid-containing Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) for Vapor-phase Contaminants. Presented at the 22 Annual Meeting of Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Baltimore, MD November 11, 2001 Abstract PT258. 

Huckins J.N. Prest H.F Petty J.D. R0e T.I. Meadows J.C. Echols K.R. Lebo J.A. Clark R.C. 1998, A Overview of the Results of Several Comparisons of Lipid-containing Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) and Biomonitoring Organisms for Assessing Organic Chemical Exposure. Abstracts of the 19th Annual National Meeting SETAC Charlotte, NC November 15-19, 1998 p 215. 

Monitoring Pretreatment and annual exams should include blood pressure, breasts, abdomen and pelvic organs, including Papanicolaou smear. Perform preventative measures and screening, which should include total and HDL cholesterol within 5-year intervals. Advise the pathologist of OC therapy when relevant specimens are submitted. Do not prescribe for more than 1 year without another physical exam. Lipid disorders Closely follow women taking OCs who are being treated for hyperlipidemias. 

Konrad Bloch, on how his career turned to problems of lipid metabolism after the death of his mentor, Rudolf Schoen-heimer article in Annual Review of Biochemistry, 1987... 

Al-Razzak, L. A., L. Dias, D. Kaul, and S. Ghosh. 1997. Lipid based systems for oral delivery Physiological mechanistic and product development perspectives. Paper presented atthe AAPS Annual Meeting, Boston, November 2-6, 1997. 

This phenomenon was later proved valid for poikilothennic animals also, including fish (Kizevetter, 1942 Shkorbatov, 1961 Ackman, 1964 Hilditch and Williams, 1964 Lunde, 1973). The desaturation of lipids in fish and other water animals varies with the climatic-geographical zone, with annual cycles (depending on changing water temperature) and with temperature adaptations which develop under experimental conditions (Hoar and Cottle, 1932 Lewis, 1962 Farkas and Herodek, 1964 Privolnev and Brizinova, 1964). 

Figure 32 Accumulation of lipids and proteins with age in the large form of horse-mackerel showing overall trends (smooth curves) and annual cycles. (After Shulman, 1972a.) Solid lines proteins, broken lines lipids. Note the greater annual fluctuations of lipids.

The food supply is strongly influenced by the temperature of the water where the fish live. For this reason, the amplitude of metabolic variations during the annual cycle of a given fish is specific for each climatic zone, whether tropical, temperate-warm, temperate-boreal or polar. The seasonal variations in metabolism (e.g. lipid dynamics) display the greatest range in the... 

Temperature affects food supply in another way also. The Mediterranean sprat, which prefers cold waters, exploits a wider feeding area than fish that inhabit only warm waters, because it takes advantage of a greater water depth and can feed all the year round. It possesses a much greater lipid reserve than the warm-water anchovy, and its range of fatness over the annual cycle is wider (Figure 36). The feeding conditions in the warm Mediterranean waters are therefore more favourable to fish that prefer cooler waters rather than warm. 

Figure 36 Annual lipid cycle in anchovy (broken line) and sprat (continuous line) in the Mediterranean. (After Shulman, 1978a.)...

Harmonic analysis is sufficient for dealing with simple cases. The dynamics of lipid stored in the body of a fish over the annual period would then be described by ... 

It should be borne in mind that the lipid index cannot characterize the food supply over the whole annual cycle, but only that in the period when lipids are accumulated rather than consumed. For warm-water fish of the southern European seas, this is the summer and autumn, while for cold-water fish such as the Black Sea and Mediteranean sprat, it is spring and summer. The food... 

---