Liners, chamber

Liner, chamber (PVD technology) A removable surface in a chamber used to collect vaporized material and prevent it from depositing on non-removable surfaces. See also Non-removable surfaces Vacuum surfaces. 

The liner (grey area) is m full-capacity position with the seal point at the top anC the pumping chamber at (he bottom All lipuid coming Into the pump at the left is moving out of it at the right. 

Permeability of an FML is evaluated using the Water Vapor Transmission test.28 A sample of the membrane is placed on top of a small aluminum cup containing a small amount of water. The cup is then placed in a controlled humidity and temperature chamber. The humidity in the chamber is typically 20% relative humidity, while the humidity in the cup is 100%. Thus, a concentration gradient is set up across the membrane. Moisture diffuses through the membrane, and with time the liquid level in the cup is reduced. The rate at which moisture is moving through the membrane is measured. From that rate, the permeability of the membrane is calculated with the simple diffusion equation (Fick s first law). It is important to remember that even if a liner is installed correctly with no holes, penetrations, punctures, or defects, liquid will still diffuse through the membrane. 

N) E.W. Price, "Recent Advances in Solid Propellant Combustion Instability , Ibid, pp 101-113 O) G.A. Marxman C.E. Wooldridge, "Finite-Amplitude Axial Instability in Solid-Rocket Combustion , Ibid, pp 115-27 P) W.A. Sirignano, "A Theory of Axial-Mode Shock-Wave Oscillations in a Solid-Rocket Combustor ,Ibid, pp 129-37 Q) B.T.Zinn C.T. Saveli, "A Theoretical Study of Three-Dimensional Combustion Instability in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines , Ibid, pp 139-47 R) R.J. Priem E.J. Rice, "Combustion Instability with Finite Mach Number Flow and Acoustic Liners , Ibid, pp 149-59 S) M.W. Thring, "Combustion Oscillations in Industrial Combustion Chambers , Ibid, pp 163-68... 

The situation is greatly improved in this respect when the inhibitor is not in contact with the hot gases. This is the case with case-bonded grains where the thin chamber liner acts as restrictor (Ref 2)... 

Jacket, Coolant. The metal enclosure that consists of an inner wall (liner) and an outer metal wall (outer case), with a coolant passage between them, occasionally held apart by spacers or coolant helices. Term also applied to the double metal walls of a regeneratively-cooled thrust-chamber assembly... 

In some applications the propellant can be cast directly on the primed chamber wall in most cases, however, the propellant is bonded to the wall or to the heat insulation through an intermediate layer—the liner (36). 

The injector can be used in split or splitless mode. The injector contains a heated chamber containing a glass liner into which the sample is injected through... 

The open-split interface dilutes eluted analytes with additional makeup gas and then splits the mixture into two fractions. An inert, fused-silica restrictor routes a portion of the sample-carrier gas mixture from the interface into the MS ionization chamber, whereas the remainder is vented to atmosphere. An open-split interface can affect the shapes and areas of peaks because solutes make contact with several items including the interface liner, the outer surfaces of the fused-silica column, and the restrictor, which can adsorb trace-level analytes if they are not properly deactivated (21). 

Impact mill subclasses primarily are distinguished from one another by the configuration of the grinding heads, chamber grinding liners (if any), and classifiers. 

The discontinuous explosion process is the oldest technical process. It was mainly used for the production of color blacks. Continuous processes were later developed with production rates up to 500 kg/h [4.20], Acetylene or acetylene-containing gases are fed into a preheated, cylindrical reactor with a ceramic inner liner. Once ignited, the reaction is maintained by the decomposition heat that is evolved. The carbon black is collected in settling chambers and cyclones. Approximately 95-99% of the theoretical yield is obtained. 

The glass liner is slowly contaminated by nonvolatile and decomposed samples and must be replaced periodically. For splitless injection, the glass liner is a straight tube with no mixing chamber. For dirty samples, split injection is used and a packing material can be placed inside the liner to adsorb undesirable components of the sample. 

Smoke (carbon) formation, which apparently is due to incomplete combustion of portions of the fuel-air mixture (i.e., rich combustion), also can pose a serious public relations problem at civilian airports and, by radiant-heat transfer from incandescent carbon particles, can shorten the endurance life of combustion-chamber liners and adjacent parts (0). Smoke would also constitute a serious problem in the case of automotive gas turbines, because accumulation of carbon and other nonvolatile fuel components on the intricate passages of the heat exchanger could reduce turbine and heat-exchanger efficiency by reducing heat-transfer rate and increasing the pressure drop across the... 

HVAC Materials Ventilation duct liners also react with ozone forming formaldehyde, acetone and C5—Ci0 aldehydes. Morrison et al. (1998) subjected new and used duct liners, air filters, sealants, sheet metal and other HVAC materials to ozone in small chambers. They observed secondary emissions of C5—Ci0 aldehydes from a new duct liner, a neoprene gasket and duct sealants. They predicted that secondary emissions from these materials could increase indoor aldehyde concentrations to levels comparable with odor thresholds. As will be discussed later, soiled HVAC materials also generate secondary products. 

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