Direct casting

Continuous mix — direct cast Continuous mix — transport to cast 300-gallon vertical batch 150-gallon vertical batch Continuous mix - transport to cast (processing 3 dissimilar formulations per week)... 

Hamilton and coworkers designed a rocket propellant formulation based on BAMO-AMMO Copolymer TPE and 80% total solids (AP and Al) and it was directly cast into a phenolic case and required no liner or insulation. The results of firing of a 18 kg test motor exhibited completely acceptable ballistic properties. The authors claimed it to be the 1st demonstration of a high energy TPE motor firing [158]. Prior to this, Wardle and his team reported BAMO-AMMO copolymer and CL-20-based potentially attractive high energy ETPE gun propellants. 

Spence and Cook (S21) described the commercial operation of th Thompson Refinery of International Nickel Company in Manitoba wher the nickel sulfide matte is melted and cast into anodes containing 76% Ni 20% S, and the balance made up mostly of copper, cobalt, and iron. Th direct casting of the sulfide matte into anodes eliminated two pyro... 

D. Other Chemical Gelation Direct Casting Methods.294... 

The reader will learn abont the origins of attractive forces between particles and how to overcome these forces, yielding a dispersed system. Furthermore, it is shown how these interparticle forces relate to the flow behavior of the slurry system, and finally, how this knowledge can be applied to current direct casting techniques. 

D. Other CHEMicAt Geeation Direct Casting Methods... 

The similar results with oxidation of polybutadienes by singlet oxygen generated in microwave unit (Fig.1) and in dye photosensitized oxidation has been obtained by Rabek and R nby (67). Infrared transmission spectra have been measured using film samples directly casted on KCl pellets and ATR spectra using aluminium-backed films (Fig.o). 

The membranes formed via these two processes demonstrate different performance levels. Typically, the post-doped PEMs are stronger and tougher than directly cast membranes, which require a polymer of a higher inherent viscosity in order to prepare membranes with reasonable strength. In general, the conductivity of the directly cast membrane will be significantly higher than that of post-doped membranes [154]. 

Main Parts of a Solid-Propellant Engine. The case is a thin, high-tensile-strength metal or fiber-composite envelope in which the propellant is directly cast and bonded. The mechanical requirements for this part are that it offer sufficient resistance to service pressure and loading conditions during flight, such as vibrations and acceleration, and have optimum weight. 

As expected, no monolithic structures of the semiconductor are observed in the product, as the LLC medium that immediately surrounds a crystal nucle-ation site is quickly impoverished of cadmium ions. However, this report clearly demonstrates that LLC phases are more widely applicable as structure-directing casting molds than shown previously. 

EM base films cast from NMP solutions may exhibit changes in the intrinsic oxidation state when undergoing a protonation de-protonation cycle [85,86]. For protonation carried out in aqueous mineral acids, an acid treatment time of one hour followed by rapid deprotonation in NaOH, can increase the intrinsic oxidation state to that of NA. However, lower oxidation. states than that of NA were obtained from films with increasing acid exposure time. The increase in intrinsic state after one cycle of acid-base treatment is not readily observed in EM powders [85,86]. The difference in behaviour many be due to the hindrance to water diffusion and the associated hydrolysis reactions in the dense as-cast EM base films. PAN salt films obtained either by acid treatment of as-cast EM base film or by direct casting of PAN salts in NMP solutions also undergo a change in film morphology upon deprotonation [327]. As-cast EM base films lack porosity... 

The performanee of the dyes depends on the delivery systems, the pH, nature of the host polymer, and the method of applieation. Direct casting of photochromies into acrylics, polyurethanes and polyolefins has been aehieved. Barred temperatures of up to 260"C have been employed with little degradation of the photoehromic dye taking place. 

Trial work took place during 1996 on treating ISF bullion cast directly fix>m the furnace. This work resulted in an extension to the kettle floor such that it is now capable of treating 55,000 TPA of direct cast ISF bullion fioih BZL and 36,000 TPA of similar material from MHD. Around 11,000 TPA of copper dross is generated from the revised operation and is sold. It is treated through a purpose-designed plant so that it can be hygienically transported by sea. 

Deliveries of direct cast ISF bullion from BZL commenced in late December 1996, ready for the planned start up of the new kettles in January 1997. Deliveries of material from MHD were delayed until the end of February 1997. There still needed to be significant modifications to the original eight kettle settings to fit into the new flowsheet. 

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