Limitations and Future Research

In the present chapter we suggest the use of fish embryos as a powerful screening system that could be used to prioritize compounds for later testing using rodent or other mammalian models and clinical trials. We describe the peculiarities of the model, provide examples that show promising applications, and discuss potential limitations and future research perspectives. 

It should be emphasized that the area of multivariable control is still in an early stage of development. Many active research programs are underway around the world studying this problem and every year brings many new developments. Therefore the methods and procedures presented in this book should be viewed as a summary of some of the practical tools developed so far. The weaknesses and limitations of the existing methods will be pointed out in the discussion. Improved methods will undoubtedly grow from current and future research. 

Nowadays, researchers are trying to describe pressure-induced phenomena at the molecular level, to understand which limitations and future applications there could be in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. They try to understand the influences of parameters such as temperature, pressure, space time, and the cycle of pressure and pre- and post-thermal treatment on the efficiency of inactivation. 

The system for dealing with doctors suspected of research crime in the United Kingdom revolves around the GMC, which stated in 1992 that their disciplinary committee would take a very serious view of proven clinical research fraud. Since 1990, 26 doctors accused of research fraud have been reported to the GMC, all but 1 being found guilty. The penalties imposed ranged from erasure from the Medical Register, to admonishment and limitation of future research. The GMC can only investigate suspected fraud or misconduct after a formal... 

If a successful cellulose hydrolysis process were available, the food problems of the world would diminish and wood sugar could form the basis of new enterprises providing an important source of chemicals and fuels. This has been known for more than a century. Some hundred to perhaps hundreds of millions of dollars have been spent on research dealing with cellulose hydrolysis. Billions have been invested in commercial plants for the hydrolysis of wood. Success, however, has been limited and future prospects are uncertain. A review of early wood hydrolysis processes was published by Sherrard and Kressman M). A more recent review was published by WenzI (2). The coverage here is selective rather than comprehensive. It identifies some key issues that determine the future usefulness of wood hydrolysis processes. 

The knowledge on evaporation and thermal stability of supported ILs is still at its infancy, and more combinations of ILs and solids should be investigated. Until now, the knowledge on the decomposition products is also limited, and more research is needed by techniques such as NMR or IR. In future, also long-term experiments with supported ILs in a fixed bed with a throughput of a gas at ambient... 

Patient safety researchers have developed several surveys to assess patient safety climate, including the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), AHRQ s Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (SOPS see Chapter 12 for more detailed information), and Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations. Our chapter provides an in-depth examination of the SAQ in terms of what it measures, key findings and limitations and future areas in need of research. 

Once the organization of PKS-mediated biosynthesis was recognized, researchers sought ways to take advantage of the PKS modularity in order to engineer PKSs capable of making new PKs. To date, the most successful strategies have included (1) domain substitution and modification, (2) module substitution, and (3) precursor-directed biosynthesis. Examples of each of these approaches will be presented as well as a brief discussion of the current limitations and future outlook. 

There is a growing awareness of the limitations of current approaches to the collection and assessment of dietary data. There is a search for new and better methodology. Alternative approaches to both procedures for data collection and to interpretation of collected data have been presented. These appear to represent a considerable improvement on previous strategies. Careful application of these approaches may enhance the accuracy of estimates of nutrient requirements and intakes. By comparing the situation predicted from dietary analyses with that suggested by biochemical studies, an epidemiologic test of the validity of requirement estimates can be undertaken. The approaches described have both immediate operational application and future research implication. 

Brooks, D.R. and McLennan, D.A. (1994) Historical ecology as a research programme Scope, limitations, and future. In Phylogenetic Approaches to Ecology (eds. P. Eggleton and R.L Vane-Wright) Academic Press, London, pp. 1-27. 

Other blends such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with cellulose acetate (208), PHA with polycaprolactone (209), poly(lactic acid) with poly(ethylene glycol) (210), chitosan and cellulose (211), poly(lactic acid) with inorganic fillers (212), and PHA and aUphatic polyesters with inorganics (213) are receiving attention. The different blending compositions seem to be limited only by the number of polymers available and the compatibiUty of the components. The latter blends, with all natural or biodegradable components, appear to afford the best approach for future research as property balance and biodegradabihty is attempted. Starch and additives have been evaluated ia detail from the perspective of stmcture and compatibiUty with starch (214). 

For the novice, this volume provides a starting point for understanding the phenomena covered and presents methods for calculating the possible consequences of incidents. It also offers an overview and resource reference for experts. It should provide managers with a basic understanding of the phenomena, methods of calculation to estimate consequences, and the limitations of each method. The authors also hope that this volume can be taken as a starting point for future research. 

In this paper, we first briefly describe both the single-channel 1-D model and the more comprehensive 3-D model, with particular emphasis on the comparison of the features included and their capabilities/limitations. We then discuss some examples of model applications to illustrate how the monolith models can be used to provide guidance in emission control system design and implementation. This will be followed by brief discussion of future research needs and directions in catalytic converter modeling, including the development of elementary reaction step-based kinetic models. 

The large size of CPOs allows their direct observation. For this purpose, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is the best method [32,34]. Electron microscopic analysis is used for phthalocyanine 3 and its derivatives however, most of the porphyrin derivatives are decomposed by electron beam irradiation. Presently, although only a limited number of researchers are able to perform atomic-scale resolution measurement, this powerful analytical method is expected to be used widely in the future. The author reported a summary of STM studies on porphyrins elsewhere [34]. 

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