Lightning, hazards

FPN No. 1) It is important that the authority having Jurisdiction be familiar with recorded industrial experience as well as with standards of the National Fire Protection Association, the American Petroleum Institute, and the Instrument Society of America that may be of use in the classification of various locations, the determination of adequate ventilation, and the protection against static electricity and lightning hazards. 

If electric detonators are obtained without a device for shorting the metal case to the lead wires, they are to be removed from their con tainers and immediately wrapped with aluminum foil. Personnel, equipment, and the detonator itself must be grounded during the handling of items whose lead wires are not shorted to each other or to the metal case RF Energy, Weapons and Lightning Hazards... 

Lightning Hazard to Explosives , The Explosives Engineer (1), Hercules Inc, Wilmington, Del (1976) 50) Anon, Feltman Research... 

U S Enviromental Protection Agency, 1997. Lightning Hazard to facilities handling flammable substances, EPA 550-F-97-002C. 

Figure 1. Risk zoning of lightning hazard-causing factors in Shandong.

Figure 2. Sensitivity zoning of lightning hazard formative environment in Shandong.

Roussakis, N. 1988. The Hazard of an Oil Storage Tank Explosion from Lightning Strike at a Flare Stack. Technical Paper (May 1988). Westech Industrial Limited, Calgary, Alberta, Canada... 

Drainage water from copper affects zinc in a similar way. Zinc sheets must never be fixed with copper nails, nor should copper roofs drain into zinc or galvanised gutters. Copper lightning arrestors provide further potential hazards to zinc work when a copper lightning strip has to pass over or near a zinc roof, it should be either well insulated or heavily tinned. 

I-3.6.2 Electronic control, monitoring, and hydrogen gas measurement equipment shall be properly grounded and isolated from piping to help prevent overpressure/ accidental shutoff situations caused by equipment failure due to lightning strikes and electrical transients and to prevent safety hazards caused by fault currents. Electrical isolation equipment for corrosion control purposes should not be installed in buildings unless specifically designed to be used in combustible atmospheres. 

Identify actions to take in the event of natural hazards, such as windstorm, flooding, lightning, earthquakes, etc. 

Fires may be started by one or several of die following so-called "common fire hazards matches and cigarets, rubbish (spontaneous ignition), locomotive sparks, mechanical spartks, friction, open-flame devices, heating appliances, electric wiring and equipment, static electricity and lightning. The primary object of fire prevention and extinction is to avoid loss of life and personal... 

Lightning is a natural phenomenon which poses a potential hazard to people, structures, and equipment unless adequate protection is provided. The type of protection required is related to the nature and function of the facility. The decision making process involves a number of interrelated factors which should be considered when determining the need for protection. 

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