Light-emitting diodes lighting applications

Degussa will develop composites with nanoparticles to produce wafer-thin plastic film that could be used for light emitting diodes, decorative applications, or to improve the surface properties of skis. 

A Pechini-type sol-gel process was used to synthesize YAG nanophosphors, YAG Ce,Pr system, with concentration of Pr " from 0.125 to 2 mol% while maintaining the content of Ce " constant at 2 mol%, for white light-emitting diode (LED) applications [278]. Yttrium and aluminum nitrates and acids were mixed... 

Interest in AIN, GaN, InN and their alloys for device applications as blue light-emitting diodes and blue lasers has recently opened up new areas of high-pressure synthesis. Near atmospheric pressure, GaN and InN are nnstable with respect to decomposition to the elements far below the temperatures where they might melt. Thus, large boules of these materials typically used to make semiconductor devices caimot be grown from the... 

They may be classified by their structure, as coin, cylindrical and pin types. Table 5, 6, 7 respectively show their specifications. Applications of Li -(CF)n batteries as power sources are spreading from professional and business uses, such as in wireless transmitters and integrated circuit (IC) memory preservation, to consumer uses in electronic watches, cameras, calculators, and the like. Pin-type batteries are used for illumination-type fishing floats with a light-emitting diode. Coin-type batteries, which have a stable packing insulation, separator, and electrolyte for high... 

Optoelectronic components produced by CVD include semiconductor lasers, light-emitting diodes (LED), photodetectors, photovoltaic cells, imaging tubes, laser diodes, optical waveguides, Impact diodes, Gunn diodes, mixer diodes, varactors, photocathodes, and HEMT (high electron mobility transistor). Major applications are listed in Table 15.1.El... 

Optoelectronic and Ferroelectric Applications 389 3.1 Light Emitting Diodes (LED)... 

One application of modem solid-state electronic devices is semiconductor materials that convert electrical energy into light. These light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used for visual displays and solid-state lasers. Many indicator lights are LEDs, and diode lasers read compact discs in a CD player. The field of diode lasers is expanding particularly rapidly, driven by such applications as fiber optic telephone transmission. 

Extended linear chain inorganic compounds have special chemical and physical properties [60,61], This has led to new developments in fields such as supramolecular chemistry, acid-base chemistry, luminescent materials, and various optoelectronic applications. Among recent examples are the developments of a vapochromic light emitting diode from linear chain Pt(II)/Pd(II) complexes [62], a luminescent switch consisting of an Au(I) dithiocarbamate complex that possesses a luminescent linear... 

Liquid crystals, commonly referred to as the fourth state of matter, are materials which are intermediate in character between the solid and liquid states. Unlike normal isotropic liquids, they show some time-averaged positional orientation of the molecules, but they retain many of the properties of liquids, such as the ability to flow. In recent decades, liquid crystals have played an increasingly important part in our lives. Probably their most familiar application is in the information displays which provide the visual interface with microprocessor-controlled instrumentation. Liquid crystal displays have superseded more traditional display technology, such as light-emitting diodes and cathode ray tubes, for many appliances principally because of the advantages of visual appeal, low power consumption, and their ability to facilitate the miniaturisation of devices into which they are incorporated. They are encoun-... 

Blue luminescence of zinc complexes of pyridyl-containing complexes is an area of current interest.277 Design of blue luminescent materials is of relevance to display applications, as blue-light-emitting diodes, and to this end Che examined solution luminescence of zinc pyridylamine complexes.73,278 Che and co-workers studied the complex Zn40(7-azaindoyl)6 which has a blue emission at 433 nm in the solid state.279,280 In an attempt to improve on stability Wang et al. examined compounds with neutral 7-azaindole and an A-functionalized pyridyl derivative.281 In contrast with other metal complexes of the neutral 7-azaindole (32), Zn(7-azaindole)2(OAc)2 is a blue luminescent compound and a A-(2-pyridyl) 2-azaindole (33) and its complexes were also... 

Soft, silver white metal that melts in the hand (29.8 °C) and remains liquid up to 2204 °C (difference 2174 °C, suitable for special thermometers). Gallium is quite widespread, but always in small amounts in admixtures. Its "career" took off with the advent of semiconductors. Ga arsenide and Ga phosphide, which are preferential to silicon in some applications, have extensive uses in microchips, diodes, lasers, and microwaves. The element is found in every mobile phone and computer. Ga nitride (GaN) is used in UV LEDs (ultraviolet light-emitting diodes). In this manner, a curiosity was transformed into a high-tech speciality. 

---