Light duty vehicles emissions

Kirchstetter, T. W., B. C. Singer, R. A. Harley, G. R. Kendall, and W. Chan, Impact of Oxygenated Gasoline Use on California Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 661-670 (1996). 

Pollack, A. K A. M. Dunker, J. K. Fieber, J. G. Heiken, J. P. Cohen, S. B. Shepard, C. H. Schleyer, and G. Yarwood, Revision of Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Inventories Using Real-World Measurements—Auto/Oil Program, Phase II, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 48, 291-305 (1998). 

Table 7.6. Impact of low and high oxygenated gasoline use on California light-duty vehicle emission (Krichstetter et al., 1996)...

Kirchstetter TW, Singer BC, Harley RA, et al. 1996. Impact of oxygenated gasoline use on California light-duty vehicle emissions. Environ Sci Technol 30 661-670. 

Anonymous "Evaluation of Sulfur Acid Exposures from LDV (Light Duty Vehicles) Emissions", EPA, April 3, 1975. 

Sodeman D, Toner SM, Prather KA (2005) Determination of single particle mass spectral signatures from light-duty vehicle emissions. Environ Sci Technol 39 4569-4580... 

Table 8. California Light-Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards...

State of California Air Resource Board, California Fuel Evaporative Emissions Standard and Test Procedure for 1970 Model Light Duty Vehicles, April 16, 1968. 

Federal Emission Control Requirements for Light-Duty Vehicles... 

Darrow, K.G., Light Duty Vehicle Full Fuel Cycle Emissions Analysis Topical Report, Gas Research Institute Report GRI-93/0472 (1994)... 

The federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 appear to be working. In the 1990s, Tier 1 standards greatly reduced tailpipe emissions of new light-duty vehicles which includes cars and most sport utility vehicles. 

The large-scale deployment of hydrogen in the transport sector (cars, light-duty vehicles and city buses) has a significant impact on the reduction of atmospheric pollutant emissions. Emission reduction of pollutants is one of the main drivers for the introduction of hydrogen. These benefits are often mentioned. However, the number of quantitative analyses is limited. In the following, the results of the HyWays project (HyWays, 2007) will be presented. 

Percentage of in-use light-duty automobiles Percentage of vehicle miles traveled Relative percentage of exhaust emissions of PM by light-duty automobiles Emissions of PM by light-duty automobiles (tons / day)... 

Chock, D. P G. Yarwood, A. M. Dunker, R. E. Morris, A. K. Pollack, and C. H. Schleyer, Sensitivity of Urban Airshed Model Results for Test Fuels to Uncertainties in Light-Duty Vehicle and Biogenic Emissions and Alternative Chemical Mechanisms. Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program, Atmos. Environ., 29, 3067-3084 (1995). 

Bass, E., Bailey, B., and Jaeger, S., LPG Conversion and HC Emissions Speciation of a Light-Duty Vehicle, SAE Paper No. 932745, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1993. 

For cars and light-duty vehicles the current and future test procedures and limit values have been consolidated in the Euro 5 and Euro 6 legislation [Regulation (EC) No. 692/2008]. In the exhaust emission test a production vehicle is placed on a... 

The two major steps for diesel cars were the introduction of oxidation catalysts at the Euro 2 level and the effective mandatory introduction of DPFs at the Euro 5 level. For NOx, EGR has been the main tool to control emissions up to Euro 5. SCR systems for light-duty vehicles are starting to appear for passenger cars at the Euro 6 level. 

In the case of petrol light-duty vehicles the strict control of combustion, together with improvements in TWC efficiency, has proven sufficient for compliance with the emission limits up to Euro 6. 

Rubino L, Bonnel P, Hummel R, Krasenbrink A, Manfredi U, de Santi G (2009) On road emissions and fuel economy of light duty vehicles using PEMS chase-testing experiment. SAE Int J Fuels Lubr 1 1454-1468... 

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