Models ligand

We were concerned that synthesis of a,6-dialkoxyethyl complexes 16 and 17 would be limited by overreduction of 13 and 14. Both appended a-alkoxyethyl (30,63) and 6-alkoxyethyl (16,64) groups separately undergo facile reductive cleavage to ethyl ligands. Model studies were accordingly carried out in order to first establish conditions favoring generation of 6-alkoxyethyl and a-alkoxyethyl compounds via monohydridic reduction of suitable substrates. 

Zn2+ ligand models for dinuclear enzymes promoting the cleavage of RNA 316 Exhalted catalysis of methanolysis of HPNPP promoted by a dinuclear complex in... 

Campbell, P. G. C., Errecalde, O., Fortin, C., Hiriart-Baer, W. R. and Yigneault, B. (2002). Metal bioavailability to phytoplankton - applicability of the biotic ligand model, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 189-206. 

In an extension of the FIAM model, the biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals assumes that a given toxic effect occurs when the concentration of metal bound to biotic ligands exceeds a certain threshold concentration [203-205]. This model has been successfully applied to rationalise toxicity data from fish and Daphnia. Although the identity and abundance of biotic ligands is not known, modelling has revealed that the critical biotic ligand concentrations are much lower in Crustacea than in fish [203,204],... 

Santore, R. C., Di Toro, D. M., Paquin, P. R., Allen, H. E. and Meyer, J. S. (2001). Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in freshwater fish and Daphnia, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 2397-2402. 

When biological uptake does not perturb the external medium, then /int can be given by equation (35). As discussed above, this limiting condition is assumed to occur in both the free-ion activity and biotic ligand models. When Ka[M] < 1, then (cf. equation (7)) ... 

Alsop, D. H. and Wood, C. M. (2000). Kinetic analysis of zinc accumulation in the gills of juvenile rainbow trout effects of zinc acclimatation and implications for biotic ligand modeling, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1911-1918. 

Hassler, C. S., Slaveykova, V. I. and Wilkinson, K. J. (2004). Some fundamental (and often overlooked) considerations underlying the free ion activity and biotic ligand models, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., in press. 

Figure 6.16 Proposed chemical interaction of Pt complexes with an alumina surface, which involves surface-ligand exchange of either surface OH for Cl ligands (model B1) or Cl ligands from the CPA complex for surface hydroxyls (model B2). (From Shelimov, B., Lambert, J.-F., Che, M., and Didillon, B., J. Mol. Catal. 158, 2000, 91.)...

In order to apply this rule we had to transform the original three-dimensional structural formula in two stages (Fig. 5). In the first, the ligand model, the sequences of atoms constituting the ligands of an element of stereoisomerism... 

Figure 10.6. Structural features of D. vulgaris Rbr (deMare et al. 1996). A, Rbr subunit with protein backbone and iron atoms (spheres). B, Diiron-oxo site with amino acid side chain ligands. Models generated via RASMOL (Sayle and Milner-White 1995) and coordinates from IRYT in the Protein Databank.

O2, CO, and NO from different heme proteins (1-11) and liganded model... 

Mathew, R., Wu, KB. and Santore, R.C. (2005) Predicting sediment metal toxicity using a sediment biotic ligand model methodology and initial application. Environ Toxicol Chem, 24,... 

The ligand-model vibrational spectroscopy approach has contributed strongly to fairly reliable identifications on metal surfaces of C2 species of the types 1, 2 (ethene type II spectra) (17), 3 (ethene type I spectra), 4 (ethene type I spectra), 8, and 13 (ethyne type B spectra) as well as to possible identifications of types 5, 7, 15 (ethyne type A spectra), 16, and 20. Approximate band positions and associated intensity distributions in the spectra from normal and perdeutero species should be considered together (/ 7). The correspondence of the infrared spectrum from 4 with type I spectra is less satisfactory for the C2D4 ligand than in most other cases. However an extra structural variable in this case is the degree of nonplanarity of the cyclic C2M2 skeleton, which may differ between the model compound and the surface species. 

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