Lifetime acceptable daily intake

ADI = acceptable daily intake, estimate of amount of a substance in food or drinking water, expressed as mg/kg body weight, that can be ingested daily over a lifetime without appreciable risk (weight of standard human = 60 kg) bw = body weight. 

Implicit from the definition of the tolerable intake, i.e., an estimate of the intake of a substance over a lifetime that is considered to be without appreciable health risk, arises the question What are the health implications of exceeding the tolerable intake This issue has been discussed at an ELSI (International Life Science Instimte) Europe Workshop on the Significance of Excursions of Intake above the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in 1999. The following questions were asked (Larsen and Richold 1999, Larsen 2006) ... 

ADI Acceptable daily intake - "The daily intake of chemical, which during an entire lifetime appears to be without appreciable risk on the basis of all known facts at that time" Food additives, pesticides... 

Acceptable daily intake The maximum amount of a substance to which a subject may be exposed daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk. 

For food additives, this is normally the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The ADI is the amount of chemical to which a person can be exposed for a lifetime without suffering harmful effects. The determination of these intake values requires the use of a safety or uncertainty factor. 

When the EPA considered exposures to insecticide residues in the home they identified at least six possible sources and routes these are given in Table 2.6. Their original approach apportioned the acceptable daily intake (ADI) between the various routes but it soon became clear that this was unrealistic because an individual was unlikely to be exposed via all routes on any one day. The EPA s present strategy is to develop an approach called micro-exposure event modelling. Micro-exposure event modelling is based on statistical data on the frequencies and levels of contamination of food, water, etc. and on behavioural information about the frequency of use of lawn/pet/timber treatments, etc. The combined data are assembled in a probabilistic model called LIFELINE which is able to predict the frequency and level of exposure to a group of hypothetical individuals over their lifetime.12 The model is also able to take account of the relative proportions of different types of accommodation, the incidence of pet ownership or any other data that will affect real levels of exposure. The output from the LIFELINE model allows the exposures of individuals in a population to be modelled over any interval from a single occasion to a lifetime. 

The risk to health from chemicals in food can be assessed by comparing estimates of dietary exposure with recommended safe levels of exposure. For most metals and other elements, these are the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes (PTWIs) and the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intakes (PTDIs) recommended by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations and the World Health Organisation International Programme on Chemical Safety (JECFA). The European Commission s Scientific Committee on Food has established other relevant safe levels. These are Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) for chemicals added to food, and Tolerable Daily Intakes (TDIs) for chemical contaminants. The use of the term tolerable implies permissibility rather than acceptability. All the above recommendations are estimates of the amount of substance that can be ingested over a lifetime without appreciable risk, expressed on a daily or weekly basis as appropriate. 

No studies on teratology or reproduction are available. The lifetime feeding study in the rat provides additional information for evaluating an acceptable daily intake for man. This data supports proposal of the previous temporary acceptable daily intake to an acceptable daily intake [29-33]. 

Historically speaking, the acceptable daily intake (ADI) procedure has been used to calculate permissible chronic exposure levels for humans, based on non-carcinogenic effects. The ADI is the amount of a chemical to which a person can be exposed each day for a long time (usually for a lifetime) without suffering harmful effects. It is determined by applying safety factors that account for the uncertainty in the data, to the highest dose used in human or animal studies which has been shown not to cause toxicity (i.e., the NOAEL). 

Acceptable daily intake (ADI) an estimate of the daily intake of a food additive over a lifetime that is considered to be without appreciable health risk. It is... 

The health and environmental effects profile for antimony oxides was prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, USA Acceptable daily intakes, defined as the amount of a chemical to which humans can he exposed on a daily basis over an extended period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering deleterious effects, were 24.5, 29.3, 30.9 and 32.5 /ig day for oral exposure, for antimony, antimony trioxide, antimony tetroxide and antimony pentoxide, respectively. 

Acceptable daily intake (ADI) The daily intake of a chemical, which, during a lifetime, appears to be... 

ADI Acceptable daily intake LADD Lifetime average daily dose... 

The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is the daily intake of a chemical that, during an entire lifetime, appears to be without appreciable risk. It is expressed as in milligrams of the chemical per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg b.w). It is usually estimated as... 

The recommended daily intake values as estimated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (4) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (5,6) have been used for the present calculations. For the EPA the "Acceptable Daily Intake" (ADI) for 2,3,7,8-TCDD is 1 x 10" g/kg/day. This value is based on the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) of 1 X 10 g/kg/day for a reproductive effect in rats (7,8), a 10-fold uncertainty factor because a LOAEL is used as the basis of the calculation rather than a no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), and an additional uncertainty factor of 100 based on the existence of lifetime animal studies and lack of knowledge of the effects in man. (4). For a 10" (1/1,000,000) cancer risk, the EPA has estimated a 95% lower-limit criteria for a lifetime intake of... 

Acceptable daily intake (ADI) The amount of a food additive that can be ingested daily in the diet without appreciable risk, determined on the basis of all facts known at the time. Without appreciable risk refers to the practical certainty that injury will not result, even after a lifetime of experience. The ADI is a practical approach to determining the safety of food additives and is a means of achieving some uniformity of approach in regulatory control. It serves to ensure that the actual human intake of a substance is well below toxic levels. In the United States, ADIs are determined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 

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