LIFELINE model

When the EPA considered exposures to insecticide residues in the home they identified at least six possible sources and routes these are given in Table 2.6. Their original approach apportioned the acceptable daily intake (ADI) between the various routes but it soon became clear that this was unrealistic because an individual was unlikely to be exposed via all routes on any one day. The EPA s present strategy is to develop an approach called micro-exposure event modelling. Micro-exposure event modelling is based on statistical data on the frequencies and levels of contamination of food, water, etc. and on behavioural information about the frequency of use of lawn/pet/timber treatments, etc. The combined data are assembled in a probabilistic model called LIFELINE which is able to predict the frequency and level of exposure to a group of hypothetical individuals over their lifetime.12 The model is also able to take account of the relative proportions of different types of accommodation, the incidence of pet ownership or any other data that will affect real levels of exposure. The output from the LIFELINE model allows the exposures of individuals in a population to be modelled over any interval from a single occasion to a lifetime. 

The LifeLine Group (2001). Phase 1 Report Findings from Literature Search and Review of Modeling Projects Currently Available or Under Development. 

Regarding the future development, actual data about the buildings can be integrated into the model in order for the methodology to be useful in a real situation. Since the approach is very flexible, the damage of the lifelines can also be included into the present model, taking into account the gas stations or other industrial facilities and critical infrastructure. 

Alkov, R.A. (1972). The Life Change Unit and Accident Behaviotrr. Lifeline Sep.-Oct., Norfolk, Va., US Naval Safety Center. See also Heinrich et al., 1980. Bensiali, K., Booth, A.T. and Glendon, A.I. (1992). Models for Problem Solving in Health and Safety. Safety Sci., 15, 183-205. 

Rigid Lifelines has rolled out three new models of fall protection harnesses a Standard Universal, Universal-XL and a Universal Deluxe. 

A framework has been recently proposed for the performance simulation of Critical Infrastructures (Cl) under seismic hazard, at the regional or urban scale [4]. This framework has been developed within a research project on seismic vulnerability of buildings and lifelines (SYNER-G 2012, [12]), and is thus denoted in the following as SYNER-G framework, or simply framework. It consists of a set of models, that can be jointly used to assess the impact of regional seismic hazard on Cl, in terms for instance of reduced service level, or a community, e.g. in terms of social loss metrics such as displaced population [3].The framework has also been employed to evaluate the probability distribution of a city s resilience [5], adopting the definition in Asprone et al. [1]. 

Lapin, A., Klann, M., and Reuss, M. (2010) Multi-scale spatio-temporal modeling lifelines of microorganisms in bioreactors and tracking molecules in cells. Adv. Biochem. Eng/BiotechnoL, 121, 23-43. 

The Use of Ground Models for Probabilistic Assessment of Multiple Geohazards Along Lifeline and Transportation Corridors... 

Post-earthquake Restoration Modeling of Lifeline Systems... 

Rose A, Guha G-S (2004) Computable general equilibrium modeling of electric utility lifeline losses from earthquakes. In Okuyama Y, Chang S (eds) Modeling spatial and economic impacts of disasters. Springer, Berlin, pp 119-138... 

Lifelines are in most cases spatially distributed systems. Therefore, seismic hazard should meet the specific features of each system considering also its spatial variability. The vulnerability analysis and risk assessment must be evaluated according to the precise typological characteristics of the components and networks, taking also into accormt the models used to describe vulnerability, usually in terms of fragility curves and relationships. Moreover, due to the spatial extent of utility and transportation networks, the seismic... 

Damage to Infrastiucture Modeling Earthquake Risk Mitigation of Lifelines and Critical Facilities... 

Rigid Lifelines has rolled out three new models of fall protection harnesses a Standard Universal, Universal-XL and a Universal Deluxe. The Standard Universal and Deluxe models accommodate workers with weights up to 310 lbs., while the Universal-XL accommodates workers up to 400 lbs. The Deluxe model incorporates padding for added back support and comfort. Rigid Lifelines, www.rigidlifelines. com, (610) 286-7200. Circte 260... 

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