Levins studies

The structural arrangement and dimension can also influence the mutagenic potency of nitro-aromatic compounds. Vance and Levin studied the mutagenic potency of nitro-aromatic compounds in the naphthalenic and benzylic series... 

B. F. Levine. Studies of Molecular Characteristics and Interactions Using Hyperpolarizabilities as a Probe. In M. Davies (ed.), A Specialist Periodical Report—Dielectric and Related Molecular Processes, Chemical Society, London, 1977, pp. 73-107. 

Levins J M and Vanderiick T K 1994 Extended spectrai anaiysis of muitipie beam interferometry a technique to study metaiiic fiims in the surface forces apparatus Langmuir 10 2389-94... 

Levine R D and Wu S F 1971 Resonances in reactive collisions computational study of the H + Hj collision Chem. Rhys. Lett. 11 557... 

To add non-adiabatic effects to semiclassical methods, it is necessary to allow the trajectories to sample the different surfaces in a way that simulates the population transfer between electronic states. This sampling is most commonly done by using surface hopping techniques or Ehrenfest dynamics. Recent reviews of these methods are found in [30-32]. Gaussian wavepacket methods have also been extended to include non-adiabatic effects [33,34]. Of particular interest here is the spawning method of Martinez, Ben-Nun, and Levine [35,36], which has been used already in a number of direct dynamics studies. 

The Reactor Safety Study (RSS) directed by Professor Norman Rasmussen of MIT may have had its beginnings in a letter from Senator Pastore to James Schlesinger, AEC Chairman, requesting risk information for the Price-Anderson renewal. The RSS study began in September 1972 with Saul Levine, full-time staff director assisted by John Bewick and Thomas Murley (all AEC). 

A significant development of the study was the use of event trees to link the system fault trees to (lie accident initiators and the core damage states as described in Chapter 3. This was a response to the ditficulties encountered in performing the in-plant analysis by fault trees alone. Nathan Villalva and Winston Little proposed the application of decision trees, which was recognized by Saul Levine a.s providing the structure needed to link accident sequences to equipment failure. 

In a class of reahstic lattice models, hydrocarbon chains are placed on a diamond lattice in order to imitate the zigzag structure of the carbon backbones and the trans and gauche bonds. Such models have been used early on to study micelle structures [104], monolayers [105], and bilayers [106]. Levine and coworkers have introduced an even more sophisticated model, which allows one to consider unsaturated C=C bonds and stiffer molecules such as cholesterol a monomer occupies several lattice sites on a cubic lattice, the saturated bonds between monomers are taken from a given set of allowed bonds with length /5, and torsional potentials are introduced to distinguish between trans and "gauche conformations [107,108]. 

In 1932, A. A. Levine and A. G. Cole studied the ozonolysis of o-xylene and isolated three products glyoxal, 2,3-butanedione, and pyruvaldehvde ... 

Levin, . Research Conducted On Secretary of the Army Research and Study Fellowship in the Field of Transmission Electron Microscopy , FA TR R-1706 (1964) 35) J.F. West,... 

CIDNP studies of the decomposition have centred mainly on thermal decompositions photochemical decomposition has generally been less intensively investigated. While most reports of polarization refer to n.m.r. spectra, a number of papers have described polarization of other nuclei, (Kaptein, 1971b Kaptein et al., 1972), (Lippmaa el al., 1970a, b, 1971 Kaptem, 1971b Kaptein et al., 1972 Kessenikh et al., 1971), and F (Kobrina et al., 1972) contained in the peroxide reactant. Additionally, polarization of P has been reported in the products of decomposition of benzoyl peroxide in phosphorus-containing solvents (Levin et al., 1970). 

There are two principal chemical concepts we will cover that are important for studying the natural environment. The first is thermodynamics, which describes whether a system is at equilibrium or if it can spontaneously change by undergoing chemical reaction. We review the main first principles and extend the discussion to electrochemistry. The second main concept is how fast chemical reactions take place if they start. This study of the rate of chemical change is called chemical kinetics. We examine selected natural systems in which the rate of change helps determine the state of the system. Finally, we briefly go over some natural examples where both thermodynamic and kinetic factors are important. This brief chapter cannot provide the depth of treatment found in a textbook fully devoted to these physical chemical subjects. Those who wish a more detailed discussion of these concepts might turn to one of the following texts Atkins (1994), Levine (1995), Alberty and Silbey (1997). 

A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies by Levin and Lehman (1991) showed that desipramine produced greater cocaine abstinence than placebo. Although a more recent review did not concur (Lima et al. 2001), secondary analyses of studies with imipramine, desipramine, and bupropion suggested that depressed cocaine abusers are more likely to show significant reductions in cocaine abuse than nondepressed cocaine abusers (Margolin et al. 1995 Nunes et al. 1991 Ziedonis and Kosten 1991). Furthermore, recent work with desipramine supported its efficacy in opioid-dependent patients, particularly in combination with contingency management therapies (Kosten et al. 2004 Oliveto et al. 1999). 

Kranzler HR, Bauer LO, Hersh D, et al Carbamazepine treatment of cocaine dependence a placebo-controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 38 203-211, 1995 Levin FR, Lehman AF Meta-analysis of desipramine an adjunct in the treatment of cocaine addiction. J Clin Pharmacol 11 374-378, 1991 Lima MS, Reisser AA, Soares BG, et al Antidepressants for cocaine dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 CD002950, 2001 Ling W, Shoptaw S, Majewska D Baclofen as a cocaine anti-craving medication a preliminary clinical study 0etter). Neuropsychopharmacology 18 403 04, 1998... 

Biddulph, S. E 1944. A revision of the genus Gaillardia. Research Studies State College, Washington 12 195-256. [Cited by Heywood and Levin, 1984.]... 

Kwiatkowski TG, Libman RB, Frankel M, Tilley BC, Morgenstem LB, Lu M, Broderick JP, Lewandowski CA, Marler JR, Levine SR, Brott T. Effects of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke at one year. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 340 1781-1787. 

Sherman DG, Atkinson RR Chippendale T, Levin KA, Ng K, Futrell N, Hsu CY, Levy DE. Intravenous ancrod fortreatment of acute ischemic stroke The STAT study A randomized controlled trial. Stroke Treatment with Ancrod Trial. JAMA. 2000 283 2395-2403. 

Hacke W, Donnan G, Fieschi C, Kaste M, von Rummer R, Broderick JP, Brott T, Frankel M, Grotta JC, Haley EC Jr, Kwiatkowski T, Levine SR, Lewandowski C, Lu M, Lyden P, Marler JR, Patel S, Tilley BC, Albers G, Bluhmki E, Wilhelm M, Hamilton S ATLANTIS Trials Investigators ECASS Trials Investigators NINDS rt-PA Study Group Investigators. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. Lancet 2004 363 768-774. 

Lyden P, Shuaib A, Ng K, Levin K, Atkinson RP, Rajput A, Wechsler L, Ashwood T, Claesson L, Odergren T, Salazar-Gmeso E. Clomethiazole acute stroke study in ischemic stroke (class-i) final results. Stroke 2002 33 122-128. 

Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, Brott TG, Lyden PC, Grotta JC, Broderick JP, Levine SR, Frankel MP, Horowitz SH, Haley Jr. EC, Lewandowski CA, Kwiatkowski TP. Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology 2000 55 1649-1655. 

There are no animal inhalation studies but many oral ones that describe adverse neurological effects (Bushnell and Bowman 1979a, 1979b Bushnell and Levin 1983 Cory-Slechta et al. 1983, 1985 ... 

Ferguson and Bowman 1990 Gilbert and Rice 1987 Hopper et al. 1986 Krasovskii et al. 1979 Levin et al. 1988 Massaro and Massaro 1987 Overmann 1977 Rice 1985a). It appears that animals are affected at roughly the same blood lead levels as humans. Measured neurotoxic effects in animals include significantly delayed motor function and reflexes, decreased performance on learning tasks, and impaired spatial discrimination. Additional animal studies are needed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of subchronic inhalation exposures to establish external dose-effect relationships. 

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