Stroke studies

Wolpert SM, Bmckmann H, Greenlee R, Wechsler L, Pessin MS, del Zoppo GJ. Neuroradiologic evaluation of patients with acute stroke treated with recomhinant tissue plasminogen activator. The rt-PA Acute Stroke Study Group. Am J Neuroradiol 1993 14 3-13. 

NfNDS rt-PA Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N EnglJMed 1995 333 1581-1587. 

Mullins ME, Schaefer PW, Sorensen AG, Halpern EF, Ay H, He J, Koroshetz WJ, Gonzalez RG. CT and conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in acute stroke study in 691 patients at presentation to the emergency department. Radiology 2002 224 353-360. 

Warach S, Gaa J, Siewert B, Wielopolski P, Edelman RR. Acute human stroke studied by whole brain echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1995 37 231-241. 

Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, Toni D, Lesaffre E, von Kummer R, Boy sen G, Bluhmki E, Hoxter G, Mahagne MH. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 1995 274 1017-1025. 

Anonymous. Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. The NBSfDS t-PA Stroke Study Group. Stroke 1997 28 2109-2118. 

Three large randomized trials, the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) parts I and II, and the Alteplase Thrombolysis for Acute Noninterven-tional Therapy in Ischemic Stroke (ATLANTIS), have investigated the efficacy of IV rt-PA in acute stroke beyond the 3-hour window. All three studies showed high rates of sICH complicating rt-PA treatment, and no overall efficacy of rt-PA. 

The effectiveness of catheter-based intra-arterial therapy to remove residual thrombus after IV rt-PA treatment is being tested in the Interventional Management of Stroke study (IMS-Ill). This study will randomize patients to 0.6 mg/kg IV rt-PA, followed by angiography with additional intra-arterial therapy as indicated, or IV full-dose rt-PA (0.9 mg/kg). A nonrandomized safety study suggested that intraarterial therapy, after 0.6 mg/kg IV rt-PA, could be accomphshed with acceptable rates of sICH. ° ... 

Kwiatkowski TG, Libman RB, Frankel M, Tilley BC, Morgenstem LB, Lu M, Broderick JP, Lewandowski CA, Marler JR, Levine SR, Brott T. Effects of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke at one year. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 340 1781-1787. 

E, Davis S, Donnan G, Schneider D, Diez-Tejedor E, Trouillas R Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombol3ffic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II). Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators. Lancet. 1998 352 1245-1251. 

Clark WM, Albers GW, Madden KR Hamilton S. The rtPA (alteplase) 0- to 6-hour acute stroke trial, part a (a0276g) results of a double-bhnd, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Study Investigators. Stroke. 2000 31 811-816. 

Larrue V, von Kummer R, del Zoppo G, Bluhmki E. Hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Potential contributing factors in the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study. Stroke. 1997 28 957-960. 

Fiorelli M, Bastianello S, von Kummer R, del Zoppo GJ, Larrue V, Lesaffre E, Ringleb AP, Lorenzano S, Manelfe C, Bozzao L. Hemorrhagic transformation within 36 hours of a cerebral infarct Relationships with early clinical deterioration and 3-month outcome in the european cooperative acute stroke study i (ECASS i) cohort. Stroke. 1999 30 2280-2284. 

Larrue V, von Kummer RR, Muller A, Bluhmki E. Risk factors for severe hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator A secondary analysis of the european-australasian acute stroke study (ECASS II). Stroke. 2001 32 438 1. 

IMS Study Investigators. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial recanalization for acute ischemic stroke the Interventional Management of Stroke study. Stroke. 2004 35 904-911. 

OR 1.81, 95% Cl 1.46-2.24), most of which were related to symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR 3.37, 95% Cl 2.68. 22). In addition, a pooled analysis of six major randomized placebo-controlled IV rt-PA stroke trials (Alteplase Thrombolysis for Acute Noninterventional Therapy in Ischemic Stroke (ATLANTIS) I and II, European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) I and II, and NINDS I and II), including 2775 patients who were treated with IV rt-PA or placebo within 360 minutes of stroke onset, confirmed the beneht up to 3 hours and suggested a potential beneht beyond 3 hours for some patients. The pattern of a decreasing chance of a favorable 3-month outcome as the time interval from stroke onset to start of treatment increased was consistent with the findings of the original NINDS study. ... 

In rodent stroke models, statin pretreatment has been shown to reduce infarct volumes and improve outcomes. Similarly, several clinical studies have shown that prior statin use reduced the severity of acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Recent studies indicate that beneftt can be achieved even when treatment is initiated after the onset of symptoms. In rodents, atorvastatin and simvastatin have been shown to reduce the growth of ischemic lesions, enhance functional outcome, and induce brain plasticity when administered after stroke onset. A retrospective analysis of the population-based Northern Manhattan Stroke Study (NOMASS) showed that patients using lipid-lowering agents at the time of ischemic stroke have a lower incidence of in-hospital stroke progression and reduced 90-day mortality rates. Retrospective analysis of data of the phase III citicoline trial showed... 

Wahlgren NG, Ranasinha KW, Rosolacci T, Eranke CL, van Erven PM, Ashwood T, Claesson L. Clomethiazole acute stroke study (class) results of a randomized, controlled trial of clomethiazole versus placebo in 1360 acute stroke patients. Stroke 1999 30 21-28. 

Lyden P, Shuaib A, Ng K, Levin K, Atkinson RP, Rajput A, Wechsler L, Ashwood T, Claesson L, Odergren T, Salazar-Gmeso E. Clomethiazole acute stroke study in ischemic stroke (class-i) final results. Stroke 2002 33 122-128. 

Lyden P, Jacoby M, Schim J, Albers G, Mazzeo P, Ashwood T, Nordlund A, Odergren T. The clomethiazole acute stroke study in tissue-t5fpe plasminogen activator-treated stroke (class-t) final results. Neurology 2001 57 1199-1205. 

Kammersgaard LP, Jorgensen HS, Rungby JA, Reith J, Nakayama H, Weber UJ, Houth J, Olsen TS. Admission body temperature predicts long-term mortality after acute stroke the Copenhagen Stroke Study. Stroke 2002 33(7) 1759-1762. 

Anderson CS, Jamrozik KD, Burvill PW, Chakera TM, Johnson GA, Stewart-Wynne EG. Determining the inicidence of different subtypes of stroke results from the Perth Community Stroke Study. Med J Aust 1993 158 85-89. 

Gan R, Sacco RL, Kargman DE, Roberts JK, Boden-Albala B, Gu Q. Testing the validity of the lacunar h3fpothesis the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study experience. Neurology 1997 48 1204-1211. 

Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, Brott TG, Lyden PC, Grotta JC, Broderick JP, Levine SR, Frankel MP, Horowitz SH, Haley Jr. EC, Lewandowski CA, Kwiatkowski TP. Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology 2000 55 1649-1655. 

Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study... 

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