Lead Plante plates

Pure lead Plante plates. Bell Systems round cell (Bell Linage 2000)... 

The standard for emissions in the majority report makes no allowance for the tremendously varied kind and varied toxicity of dusts and fumes emitted by industry. A plant crushing rock for road materials and emitting relatively non-toxic dusts is required to provide the same degree of controls as a plant smelting lead battery plates and emitting lead dust and fume.10... 

Pure lead Sn Plante plates. Bell Syst. Batt. punched grids (Gates)... 

Pure lead is used for positive Plante plates and the grids in the Bell System vented round cell. Cylindrical cells of valve-regulated design (Gates, now Hawker) with punched grids employ lead for both grids with a small tin addition (44). 

DIN 40738 Lead-acid accumulators stationary battery cells with Plante plates, high-performance construction Capacities, main dimensions, weights. 

For fully charged batteries, the self-discharge rate at 25°C for the calcium-lead positive-plate cells is about 1% per month, 3% for the Plante, and about 7 to 15% for the antimonial lead positive cells. At higher temperatures, the self-discharge rate increases significantly, doubling for each 10°C rise in temperature. 

Plante Plate A plate for a lead-acid battery in which the active materials are formed directly from a lead substrate by electrochemical processing. 

In positive Plante plates the lead dioxide is generated by direct oxidation of lead that forms the conducting substrate. Figure 6.4 shows a cross-section of such a... 

Although molybdenum is resistant to molten glass, except leaded, molybdenum components not coated with glass but exposed to the oxidising furnace atmosphere corrode rapidly due to volatilisation of molybdenum oxide above 370°C. To overcome this, stirrers etc. for use in glass plant are physically clad with platinum sheet in vulnerable areas. Modern plating techniques have enabled dense platinum coatings to be put onto the surface of the molybdenum and it is expected that this technique will be exploited further in the near future. 

The production of tubular positive plates is in principle similar to that of pasted plates. A number of manufacturers use the same gray oxide as the basic filling substance. Sometimes the share or red lead or minium (Pb304) is increased above 25 or even to 100wt.%. The latter is more economic when the manufacturer runs his own minium plant then the expense of the chemical oxidation of lead oxide (PbO) to minium (Pb304) may be compensated by reduced formation cost. Furthermore, curing is not required, because of the high oxidation state, and the battery starts with full capacity when formed. 

The general picture of the relative merits of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes has not yet emerged clearly. The homogeneous catalyst system may offer advantages in chemical efficiency but lead to difficulties of catalyst separation and recovery, or catalysts may tend to plate out in the reactor due to slight instability. Materials of construction may have to be different for the two rival plants. All these factors will have to be considered in an economic assessment and detailed studies made of the complete process networks in both cases. 

The hrst working lead cell, manufactured in 1859 by a French scientist, Gaston Plante, consisted of two lead plates separated by a strip of cloth, coiled, and inserted into a jar with sulfuric acid. A surface layer of lead dioxide was produced by electrochemical reactions in the first charge cycle. Later developments led to electrodes made by pasting a mass of lead oxides and sulfuric oxide into grids of lead-antimony alloy. 

Workers at PerkinElmer (Perkin Elmer Ltd., Beaconsfield, UK, Private Communication) claim that sensitivity and precision in lead determinations in spinach were both improved by using the L vov platforms as opposed to normal off the wall techniques. This is because dependence on temperature is reduced. Johns et al. [26] has described a quantitative thin-layer chromatographic procedure for the determination of lead in plant tissues. The method is based on the use of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate for the extraction and enrichment of lead. Instead of the previously reported conversion and visualisation of the lead complex in the short wavelength region using dithizone, the lead carbamate was converted to lead sulfide with the aid of a 6% solution of sodium sulfide in methanol/water (3 1) on silica plates, after development of the plates with toluene. See also Sects. 7.34.1,7.34.4 and 7.34.5... 

---