Lead linoleate

Determinations have been made of the solubility of lead linoleate prepared in the absence of oxygen and extracted with air-free water. Under these conditions, lead linoleate had a solubility of 0-002% at 25°C and the extract was corrosive when exposed to the air. When, however, the extraction was carried out in the presence of air, the resulting extract contained 0 07% solid material and was non-corrosive. It was concluded that in the presence of water and oxygen lead linoleate yielded soluble inhibitive degradation products. 

Lanolin appears to penetrate into the stratum corneum, but remains in the more superficial layers.38 39 Using the tape stripping technique, Clark demonstrated the penetration of anhydrous lanolin (2 mg/cm2) applied to the flexor aspect of the inner forearm.40 Almost all of the applied lanolin was recovered and most was removed in the first 15 strippings. Although the bulk of lanolin may remain in the superficial layers, electron-dense lead linoleate and lead oleate topically applied in lanolin were observed by transmission electron microscopy to be localized in intracellular spaces as far down as the stratum granulosum 40... 

Lead Linoleate 16996-51-3 Malonic Acid 141-82-2 Methyl Butyl Ketone 591-78-6... 

Cobalt, Cobalt acetate (ous) Cobalt linoleate (ous) Cobalt naphthenate (ous) Cobalt octoate. Cobalt sulfate (ous) Cobalt tallate Copper linoleate Copper naphthenate. Copper octoate. Copper tallate Erucic acid, 2-Ethylhexolc add. Iron linoleate Iron naphthenate. Iron octoate Iron tallate Lead linoleate Lead naphthenate. Lead octoate. Lead tallate. Lithium drier Magnesium stearate Manganese acetate (ous) Manganese linoleate Manganese naphthenate Manganese octoate Manganese tallate. Menhaden oit Naphthenic add. Nickel octoate Nuact NOPB Prifrac 2990 Rosin-, Sorbitan tallate Strontium drier. Zinc 2-ethylhexanoate Zinc naphthenate Zinc tallate. Zirconium octoate... 

Lead plaster. See Lead linoleate Lead protoxide. See Lead oxide, yellow Lead salicylate CAS 15748-73-9... 

Octadecadienoic acid lead salt. See Lead linoleate... 

Dicatechol borate, di-o-tolyl guanidine salt Vanax PML 16996-51-3 Lead linoleate 17014-71-0 Potassium peroxide 17025-47-7 Runtecure 1093 Tribromomethyl phenylsulfone 17048-39-4 Digalloyl trioleate 17090-93-6 Sodium aspartate... 

Metallic soap n. Salts derived from metals and organic acids, usually fatty acids. They include not only the sodium and potassium salts, which are popularly known as soaps, but compounds such as lead linoleate, calcium resinate, aluminum stearate, etc. 

In the area of moleculady designed hot-melt adhesives, the most widely used resins are the polyamides (qv), formed upon reaction of a diamine and a dimer acid. Dimer acids (qv) are obtained from the Diels-Alder reaction of unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid is an example. Judicious selection of diamine and diacid leads to a wide range of adhesive properties. Typical shear characteristics are in the range of thousands of kilopascals and are dependent upon temperature. Although hot-melt adhesives normally become quite brittle below the glass-transition temperature, these materials can often attain physical properties that approach those of a stmctural adhesive. These properties severely degrade as the material becomes Hquid above the melt temperature. 

Cobalt in Driers for Paints, Inks, and Varnishes. The cobalt soaps, eg, the oleate, naphthenate, resinate, Hnoleate, ethyUiexanoate, synthetic tertiary neodecanoate, and tall oils, are used to accelerate the natural drying process of unsaturated oils such as linseed oil and soybean oil. These oils are esters of unsaturated fatty acids and contain acids such as oleic, linoleic, and eleostearic. On exposure to air for several days a film of the acids convert from Hquid to soHd form by oxidative polymeri2ation. The incorporation of oil-soluble cobalt salts effects this drying process in hours instead of days. Soaps of manganese, lead, cerium, and vanadium are also used as driers, but none are as effective as cobalt (see Drying). 

Early efforts to prepare metal soaps involved attempts to dissolve the natural materials in oils. By the latter part of the nineteenth century, substantial progress had been made in the preparation of fused resinates and linoleates of lead and manganese. The utiUty of cobalt as a drying catalyst was discovered close to the turn of the century, but the factors that led to its ultimate discovery are not recorded. 

It has been established that water becomes non-corrosive after contact with paints prepared by grinding basic pigments in linseed oil it was also shown that lead and zinc linoleates, prepared by heating the oxide with linseed oil fatty acids in xylene, behave in a similar way. Later this observation was extended to the linoleates of calcium, barium and strontium". 

Separation of fatty acids (Ruthven, 1997). Tall oil from the pulp and paper industry is subjected to separation of rosin acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and neutral compounds. Distillation at reduced pressure is u.sed, but this leads to degradation of products. A Sorbex process eliminates this problem. 

The major fatty acids present in plant-derived fatty substances are oleic acid (9-octadecenoic, C18 l), linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic, C18 2) and the conjugated isomers thereof and linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic, C18 3) (Scheme 31.1). Their rates of oxygen absorption are 100 40 1, respectively, hence partial hydrogenation with consequent lowering of the iodine number would lead to a significant increase in oxidative stabihty, particularly when C18 3 is reduced. 

The photobleaching of P-carotene by fluorescent light in fatty acid ester solutions showed an autoxidation kinetic profile with the rate of degradation of P-carotene in the order laurate > oleate > linoleate (Carnevale et al. 1979). The presence of a radical scavenger retarded the autoxidation, thus leading to the view that protection against autoxidation is built into the system by the unsaturation in the fatty acid. 

Lactamide, 21, 71 Laurel wax, 20, 68 Lauryl alcohol, 20, 50 Laurylisothiuronium bromide, 21,37 Lauryl mercaptan, 21, 36 Lauryl -toluenesclfonate, 20, 50 Lead dioxide, 21, 1 Lead hydroxide, 22,15 Lead tetraacetate, 21, 1, 3 dl-Leucine, 21, 74 Linoleic acid, 22, 73 tetrabromide, 22, 76 Linolenic acid, 22, 82 hexabromide, 22, 82, 85 Linolic acid, 22, 73... 

This conclusion is partly true because superoxide is unable to abstract hydrogen atom even from the most active bisallylic positions of unsaturated compounds, while perhydroxyl radical abstracts H atom from linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic fatty acids with the rate constants of 1-3 x 1031 mol-1 s-1 [24], However, the superoxide damaging activity does not originate from hydrogen atom abstraction reactions but from one-electron reduction processes, leading to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, etc, and in these reactions perhydroxyl cannot compete with superoxide. 

Primary driers like cobalt, lead and manganese napthenates or linoleates establish redox systems that lead to rapid auto-oxidation and cross-linking of resin. 

The last essential dietary components to which we will refer and which were also discovered through feeding experiments with rats, are certain unsaturated fatty acids identified as linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids by Burr and Burr in 1930. The acids are required for the formation of complex lipids which are essential in membranes for the maintenance of their fluidity (Chapter 9). Deficiencies lead to a dermatitis which does not respond to additional B vitamin supplements or to oleic acid. 

Additionally, it should be observed that the thermal oxidability and oxidative polymerization of the unsaturated fatty acids follows the trend linolenic > linoleic > oleic > > palmitoleic (Martinenghi, 1963). The oxidation involves, as first step, the abstraction of a hydrogen atom in allylic position to the double bonds. Certainly, this process is favoured in the case of fatty acids with two or more unconjugated double bonds where the formation of a free radical by allylic hydrogen abstraction leads quite necessarily to double bonds slippage with formation of conjugated double bonds ... 

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