Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate

PZT (lead zirconate titanate) and PLZT (lead lanthanum zirconate titanate) combine ferroelectic, optical, and electronic properties and are used in optoelectronic and piezoelectric devices. Powders for hot pressing produced by CVD are being investigated. 

Lead iodide, 14 785-786 Lead-lag systems, 14 408 Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT), 5 583 22 713... 

A wide array of ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials have titanium, zirconium and zinc metal cations as part of their elemental composition Many electrical materials based on titanium oxide (titanates) and zirconium oxide (zirconates) are known to have structures based on perovskite-type oxide lattices Barium titanate, BaTiOs and a diverse compositional range of PZT materials (lead zirconate titanates, Pb Zr Tij-yOs) and PLZT materials (lead lanthanum zirconate titanates, PbxLai-xZryTii-yOs) are among these perovskite-type electrical materials. 

Lead lanthanum zirconate titanates (PLZT) containing 3-12 mol. % La and 5-30 mol. % Ti form a class of ceramics with important dielectric, piezoelectric and electro-optic properties. They may contain vacancies on B as well as A sites and have a remarkable facility for changing their polar states under the influence of applied fields. 

Crystalline, lead-containing ceramics generally fall within the category of materials called PZTs/PLZTs, which are lead-(lanthanum) zirconate titanates. These materials... 

Some ceramics are transparent to light of specific frequencies. These optical ceramics are used as windows for infrared and ultraviolet sensors and in radar installations. However, optical ceramics are not as widely used as glass materials in applications in which visible light must be transmitted. An electro-optic ceramic such as lead lanthanum zirconate titanate is a material whose ability to transmit light is altered by an applied voltage. These electro-optic materials are used in color filters and protective goggles, as well as in memory-storage devices. 

Seth, V. K., Schulze, W. A., and Condrate, R. A., Sr. Vibrational spectral characterization of a lead lanthanum zirconate titanate during various stages of sol-gel processing. Spectra. Lett., 24, 1299 (1991). 

Abe Y, Kakegawa K (2002) Fabrication of optically transparent lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ((Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)03) ceramics by a three-stage-atmospheie-sintering technique. J Am Ceram Soc 85 473-475... 

Kong LB, Ma J, Zhang TS, Zhang RE (2002) Transparent lead lanthanum zirconate titanate craamics dtaived from oxide mixture via a repeated anneaUng process. J Mater Res 17 929-932... 

Shvartsman VV, KhoUdn AL, Orlova A, Kiselev D, Bogomolov AA, Sternberg A (2005) Polar nanodomains and local ferroelectric phenomena in relaxor lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics. Appl Phys Lett 86 202937... 

Kong LB, Ma J, Zhang RF, Zhang TS (2002) Fabrication and characterization of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT7/60/40) ceramics from oxides. J Alloy Compd 339 167-174... 

Doping PZT with lanthanum ions (La replaces Pb ) shifts the morphotropic boundary to higher x-values and lowers the Curie temperature of the oxidic alloy. At 5% La, the Curie temperature can even drop below room temperature if X is high enough. The solid has become cubic and paraelectric and no longer has a permanent electric dipole moment at room temperature but is very polarizable. This material is called PLZT (short for lead lanthanum zirconate titanate) and is used for its nonlinear optical properties, e.g., in doubling the frequency of laser radiation. 

Transparent ferroelectric single crystals are traditionally used for electro-optic applications. Since the optical transparency was first discovered in lead-lanthanum-zirconate-titanate (PLZT), ferroelectric ceramics have been investigated in great depth such that, today, their characteristics allow them to compete with single crystals for certain electro-optic applications. The electro-optic properties of PLZT compositions are intimately related to their ferroelectric properties. Variations in ferroelectric polarization with an electric field, such as in a hysteresis loop, also affect the optical properties of the material. 

Ply Glass. Glass-ware, particularly for lamp shades and globes, made by covering opal glass (usually on both sides) with transparent glass of matched thermal expansion (cf. cased glass). PLZT. Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate. PLZT is an optoelectronic material (q.v.). 

Likewise, in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) relaxors, the substitution of La for Pb at A sites produces randomly distributed Pb vacancies. In bismuth sodium titanate (BNT [BiNa]Ti206), the replacement of Bi by Na creates charge imbalances and vacancies. Ceramics with compositions Bai, jNaxTii Nbx03 are either classical ferroelectrics (for 0relaxor ferroelectrics (for 0.075 < x< 0.055) with a diffuse transition temperature without any frequency dispersion. The relaxor behavior increases with increasing compositional deviation from both BaTi03 and NaNbOs (Khemahem et al., 2000). 

Electro-Optic Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate (PLZT)... 

Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (in the form of ceramics) Pt>i-j((ZryTii-y) 1-0 25% y .2sA PLZT Chemical coprecipitation of powder and subsequent hot-pressing in oxygen environment... 

In order to invent and develop future practical applications, we must have a greater fundamental understanding of the properties of these versatile ceramics. This can be accomplished by measimng and characterizing their behaviour under a variety of possible operating conditions. In this chapter, the transducer properties of Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate (PLZT) ceramics were presented. Their dielectric, electromechanical and optical properties have been systematically studied and could provide valuable information for engineers seeking the development or enhancement of practical applications. 

Sabat, R. G., Rochon, P. (2009a). The dependence of the refractive index change of clamped relaxor ferroelectric lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics on AC and DC electric fields measured using an interferometric method. Ferroelectrics, Vol. 386, No. 1, pp. 105. 

An aerosol is a colloidal dispersion of liquid droplets in a vapor. Aerosols can be used to make oxide powders in a variety of ways. For example, an aqueous sol can be sprayed into alcohol, where the aerosol droplets gel to produce spheres [110]. Subsequent firing produces perfect dense oxide spheres whose size depends on the concentration of the initial sol. Schwartz et al. [4] prepared powders of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate by spraying a salt solution into ammonium hydroxide and then spray-dried the resulting powder to produce uniform spheres 0.5-2/rm in diameter. In such complex compositions, aerosols are advantageous, because each droplet is a small reaction vessel, and heterogeneity cannot occur on a scale larger than the size of the droplet. 

Ferroelectric BaTiOj films prepared by sol-gel methods were first reported by Fukushima in 1975 [58], followed by lead titanate [60], lead zirconate titanate (PZT) [62,63] and lead, lanthanum, zirconate, titanate (PLZT) [64], Superconducting YBa2Cu307 j, and thallium-based films have been prepared using sol-gel methods by several groups [48-51]. Both ferroelectric and superconducting films share similar processing criteria with optoelectronic films described in the previous section, viz. precisely controlled stoichiometry combined with well-crystallized crack-free microstructures and absence of impurities. The possibility of orientation through physico-... 

Another class of ferroelectrics is the perovskites such as the titanates (BaTiOs, PbTiOs, SrTiOs, CaTiOs), the niobates (KNbOs, NaNbOs), the ilmentites, (LiNbOs, LiTaOs)), the ternary lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and the quaternary lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT). These materials undergo a displacive-type phase transformation at their Curie temperature. 

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