Lanthanum-substituted lead zirconate titanate

Because the scattering is proportional to ( p— m)2/ m2 it is expected to fall off rapidly as the refractive indices of the two phases become closer or as the birefringence of a single phase becomes less. However, if birefringence is introduced into an isotropic ceramic by the Kerr effect this may cause scattering in an otherwise transparent material. 

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Likewise, in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) relaxors, the substitution of La for Pb at A sites produces randomly distributed Pb vacancies. In bismuth sodium titanate (BNT [BiNa]Ti206), the replacement of Bi by Na creates charge imbalances and vacancies. Ceramics with compositions Bai, jNaxTii Nbx03 are either classical ferroelectrics (for 0relaxor ferroelectrics (for 0.075 < x< 0.055) with a diffuse transition temperature without any frequency dispersion. The relaxor behavior increases with increasing compositional deviation from both BaTi03 and NaNbOs (Khemahem et al., 2000). 

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