Lead candidate

There is a drive to develop insensitive or less sensitive munitions, ie, those less likely to accidental or sympathetic detonation. A leading candidate is 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazolin-5-one [930-33-6] (59), made by the reaction of semicarbazide and formic acid to give l,2,4-triazolin-5-one [932-64-9] foUowed by nitration of the triazolone (218). 

The newer HFC refrigerants are not soluble in or miscible with mineral oils or alkylbenzenes. The leading candidates for use with HFC refrigerants are polyol ester lubricants. These lubricants are derived from a reaction between an alcohol and a normal or branched carboxyflc acid. The most common alcohols used are pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, neopentjlglycol, and glycerol. The acids are usually selected to give the correct viscosity and fluidity at low temperatures. 

Our initial experimental results indicated that the kinetic model— first order in liquid phase CO concentration—was the leading candidate. We designed an experimental program specifically for this reaction model. The integrated rate expression (see Appendix for nomenclature) can be written as ... 

B) Bioactive compounds e.g. hits, lead candidates, drug candidates, drugs, toxins, agrochemicals, pollutants molecular features (i.e. their structure and properties)... 

Chaubal, M. Application of drug delivery technologies in lead candidate selection and optimization. Drug Discov. Today 2004, 9, 603-609. 

Relatively high molecular weight is a feature of the chemotype exemplified by 4-11 and this can require creative formulation techniques. Pharmacokinetic properties of a lead candidate (structure unknown) from the same series that provided 10 were inadequate to provide sufficient exposures at high doses to support preclinical safety studies. However, cocrystal formulations with saccharin or gentisic acid improved water solubility by 50-fold and increased oral exposures up to 10-fold relative to traditional formulations at 20mg/kg [64]. 

Additional endoproteases may be shown to play a role in neuropeptide biosynthesis. Leading candidates are the mammalian homolog of the yeast aspartyl protease-3 (YAP-3) and a thiol protease. The processing of proANF, which involves cleavage after a single Arg residue in proANF, cannot involve PCI or PC2 since there are negligible amounts of these PCs in the heart. 

What is not clear is the specificity of the T cells. There are numerous studies of T cell reactivity to myelin antigens such as MBP, PLP and MOG, all of which are enceph-alitogenic in animals. However, the evidence taken as a whole has failed to demonstrate a substantially increased response to these antigens in most patients with MS compared to healthy controls. Nevertheless, at this time, MOG appears to be a leading candidate among myelin proteins to be an important target in the autoimmune aspects in many patients because of (1) its accessibility to immune attack due to its surface localization on oligodendrocytes ... 

The validated HTS assay was then employed to screen a 100,000-compound library against SARS CoV. The hit rate for the library in a single-dose format was determined to be approximately 0.8%. Screening of the three libraries resulted in the identification of several novel compounds that effectively inhibited the CPE of SARS CoV in vitro. Three hit compounds, shown below, were identified as promising lead candidates for further evaluation. 

As noted above, the whole field of OLEDs began with the green SMOLED emitter Alq3. At this time the leading candidate emitters that have emerged from an enormous number of experiments fall, once again, into two camps — fluorescent and phosphorescent. 

Combinatorial chemistry was developed in the early 1990s with pharmaceutical industry being the main driver [3], The rapid screening of potential drug molecules against well-defined assays had quickly become one of the major tools for the identification of novel lead candidates. 

Tab. 10.1 Comparison of the properties of leading candidates for DRAM capacitors.

The US military has a need for extreme long-duration unmanned air vehicles (UAV), and a hydrogen-powered, fuel cell-driven electric aircraft is a leading candidate. Without an internal combustion (1C) or jet engine, a fuel-cell UAV would be very quiet. Furthermore, there is the potential to electrolyze effluent water (or airborne water vapor) using solar power, giving the UAV an almost unlimited flight duration. 

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