Surface localized

Wlrile tire Bms fonnula can be used to locate tire spectral position of tire excitonic state, tliere is no equivalent a priori description of the spectral widtli of tliis state. These bandwidtlis have been attributed to a combination of effects, including inlromogeneous broadening arising from size dispersion, optical dephasing from exciton-surface and exciton-phonon scattering, and fast lifetimes resulting from surface localization 1167, 168, 170, 1711. Due to tire complex nature of tliese line shapes, tliere have been few quantitative calculations of absorjDtion spectra. This situation is in contrast witli tliat of metal nanoparticles, where a more quantitative level of prediction is possible. 

Bawendi M G ef a/1992 Luminescence properties of CdSe quantum crystallites resonance between interior and surface localized states J. Chem. Phys. 96 946... 

Galvanic corrosion may also occur by transport of relatively noble metals, either as particulate or as ions, to the surface of an active metal. For example, ions of copper, perhaps resulting from corrosion or erosion-corrosion at an upstream site, may be carried by cooling water to the surfaces of aluminum, steel, or even stainless steel components. If the ions are reduced and deposit on the component surfaces, localized galvanic corrosion may result. 

Antistatic agent Dispersive in matrix Hydrophilicity, antistaticity Surface localization. 

G. (1994) Eluorescence-line narrowing in CdSe quantum dots - surface localization of the photogenerated exciton. Phys. Rev. B, 50, 2293-2300. 

Feature mapping (i.e., numeric-symbolic mapping) requires decision mechanisms that can distinguish between possible label classes. As shown in Fig. 5, widely used decision mechanisms include linear discriminant surfaces, local data cluster criteria, and simple decision limits. Depending on the nature of the features and the feature extraction approaches, one or more of these decision mechanisms can be selected to assign labels. 

The CHF was measured for vertical flat surfaces locally insulated by vertical ribs and cooled on one side by downward-flowing water. The results of 22 tests (at 30-50 psia, 2-3.3 MPa) 17-40 ft/sec, 5.2-12 m/s and 30-67°C, 54-120°F subcooling) were correlated by the equation... 

According to the electronic theory, a particle chemisorbed on the surface of a semiconductor has a definite affinity for a free electron or, depending on its nature, for a free hole in the lattice. In the first case the chemisorbed particle is presented in the energy spectrum of the lattice as an acceptor and in the second as a donor surface local level situated in the forbidden zone between the valency band and the conduction band. In the general case, one and the same particle may possess an affinity both for an electron and a hole. In this case two alternative local levels, an acceptor and a donor, will correspond to it. 

For a crystal illuminated by a photoelectrically active light, the quantities j/°, rr, and 77+ have values different from those for a crystal in the dark. Thus, the effect of illumination is to change the relative content of different forms of chemisorption on a surface for particles of each particular species in other words, it changes the population of electron and holes on the surface local levels corresponding to chemisorbed particles. A change in the quanti-... 

What is not clear is the specificity of the T cells. There are numerous studies of T cell reactivity to myelin antigens such as MBP, PLP and MOG, all of which are enceph-alitogenic in animals. However, the evidence taken as a whole has failed to demonstrate a substantially increased response to these antigens in most patients with MS compared to healthy controls. Nevertheless, at this time, MOG appears to be a leading candidate among myelin proteins to be an important target in the autoimmune aspects in many patients because of (1) its accessibility to immune attack due to its surface localization on oligodendrocytes ... 

Horiuchi, M., Nicke, A., Gomeza, J., Aschrafi, A., Schmalzing, G. and Betz, H. (2001) Surface-localized glycine transporters 1 and 2 function as monomeric proteins in Xenopus oocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98,1448-1453. 

Sinclair, J. F., and O Brien, A. D. (2002). Cell surface-localized nucleolin is a eukaryotic receptor for the adhesin intimin-gamma of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157 H7. 

Fig. 2. Fluorescence image of surface localization in cultured cells. OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells were incubated with monoclonal antibody Kl, followed by antimouse IgG conjugated to rhodamine as described in the protocol (3). The intense diffuse speckled surface fluorescence image is shown on multiple cells in this area of the culture, with reinforced bright images at the vertical cell margins generating a cobblestone appearance (bar = 4 jm).

Just as it is useful to have a local ionization energy, so would it be desirable, in the context of reactive behavior, to have a local polarizability, a(r). Reflecting the discussion earlier in this section, we have suggested that 7s(r) be viewed as an inverse measure of as(r) we focus upon the surface local ionization energy and surface local polarizability because the outermost electrons are expected to make the greatest contributions to a. The volume dependence that is so important on a macroscopic scale should not be a factor on the local level, which considers only infinitesimal volume elements dr. We have presented evidence in support of the concept expressed by equation 14 ... 

Miconazole (Monistat) is a broad-spectrum imidazole antifungal agent used in the topical treatment of cutaneous dermatophyte infections and mucous membrane Candida infections, such as vaginitis. Minimal absorption occurs from skin or mucous membrane surfaces. Local irritation to skin and mucous membranes can occur with topical use headaches, urticaria, and abdominal cramping have been reported with treatment for vagiiutis. 

Biochemical studies have also suggested an asymmetric orientation of constituents in lipid globule membrane. By comparison of specific activities of enzymes in washed lipid globules and released membrane, Patton and Trams (1971) suggested that the active site of Mg2+-adeno-sine triphosphatase was accessible to substrates on both faces of the membrane and that of 5 -nucleotidase on the outer membrane face. Recent evidence from studies of Concanavalin A inhibition of globule membrane and plasma membrane 5 -nucleotidase support an outer surface localization for the active site of this enzyme (Carraway and Carra-way 1976 Snow et al. 1980). Kobylka and Carraway (1973) observed that exposure of lipid globules to proteolytic enzymes resulted in cleavage of all major membrane-associated proteins. They concluded that... 

Very little can be said about the physiological function of the enzyme except that it is obviously involved in normal cellular catabolism of nucleosidemonophosphates. Its surface localization in microorganisms must have metabolic relevance its presence in membrane structures in mammalian tissues also points to specialized functions. Perhaps, even the nucleoside product has physiological functions yet to be discovered. 

Deising, H., Nicholson, R. L., Haug, M., Howard, R. J., and Mendgen, K., 1992, Adhesion pad formation and the involvement of surface localized cutinase and esterase in the attachment of Uredospores to the host cuticle, Plant Cell 4 1101-1111. 

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