LDL cholesterol level

Rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition by statins results in reduction of plasma LDL-cholesterol levels. 

Statins may reduce total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in plasma by 50-60%, reduce plasma... 

Spady DK, Woollett LA, Dietschy JM Regulation of plasma LDL-cholesterol levels by dietary cholesterol and fatty acids. Annu RevNutr 1993 13 355. 

Individuals with established CHD, other clinical atherosclerotic disease (CAD), or diabetes have a greater than 20% risk over a 10-year period of developing CHD.3 The ATP III guidelines set the target LDL cholesterol level at less than 100 mg/dL (2.59 mmol/L) for high-risk patients who have a history of one or more of the following ... 

Metformin also has been shown to produce beneficial effects on serum lipid levels and thus has become a first-line agent for type 2 DM patients with metabolic syndrome. Triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels often are reduced by 8% to 15%, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol improves by approximately 2%. A modest weight loss of 2 to 3 kg (4.4—6.6 lb) also has been reported with metformin therapy. Metformin often is used in combination with a sulfonylurea or a thiazolidinedione for synergistic effects. 

Patients with high blood cholesterol levels may need to use the Step II diet to achieve further reductions in LDL-cholesterol levels in the Step II diet, saturated fats are reduced to less than 7% of total calories, and cholesterol levels to less than 200 mg/day. All of the other nutrients are the same as in Step I. 

Decisions regarding classification and management are based on the LDL cholesterol levels listed in Table 9-3. 

Genotype-Related Serum LDL-Cholesterol Levels Alzheimer Disease... 

For people who are at risk of cardiovascular disease due to high plasma LDL cholesterol levels, lifestyle changes to control plasma cholesterol levels are the first and best place to start. When efforts to control plasma cholesterol levels by diet and exercise fail, people frequently turn to drugs, some of which are effective in producing substantial lowering of cholesterol levels and realizing associated clinical benefits. 

Heterozygotes for type 11 hypercholesterolemia have one normal and one mutant LDL receptor gene. Thus, they have just half the normal number of functional hepatic LDL receptors. They are, therefore, less than fully effective at eliminating cholesterol from the body. These individuals have substantially elevated plasma LDL cholesterol levels and frequently experience heart attacks in their 40s and 50s. 

High levels of sernm cholesterol can damage endothelial cells, althongh a better indication of the risk is provided by the serum LDL-cholesterol level. Desirable levels of serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level are given in Table 22.2. 

Table 22.2 Optimal and desirable levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels...

Neomycin sulfate Many studies have documented lipid-lowering efficacy of neomycin. Alone, it reduced LDL cholesterol levels by 24%. Combined with niacin, it reduced LDL cholesterol levels to below the 90th percentile in 92% of patients. 

Dramatic elevation of blood LDL-cholesterol levels in FFI leads to a high risk of atherosclerosis at an early age due to deposition on the linings of the coronary arteries. 

Probucol (Lorelco) is a hypocholesterolemic drug with few side effects that modestly (15-30%) decreases elevated plasma LDL cholesterol levels. The marginal... 

Antilipidemic activity. Triglycerides structured lipids from coconut oil, administered to rats at a dose of 10% of diet for 60 days, produced a 15% decrease in total cholesterol and a 23% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels in the serum compared to coconut oil-fed rats. Total and free cholesterol levels in the liver of structured lipid-fed rats were lowered by 31 and 36%, respectively. The triglycerides in the serum and liver were decreased by 14 and 30%, respectively " . Anti-nociceptive activity. Aqueous extract of the husk fiber, administered orally to mice at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, produced an inhibition of the acetic acid-induced writhing response . 

Hypocholesterolemic activity. Fixed oil of the bran, administered orally to adults of both sexes at a dose of 30 mg/day, was active. Flour bran, administered orally to adults at a dose of 3 g/day, was active " . Dried bran, administered in the ration of male rats, was active "" . Petroleum ether extract of the fresh fruit, administered to pigs at a concentration of 3.5 g/kg of diet, produced a decrease of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol after 29 days of feeding "" Flour, administered orally to adults with hypercholesterolemia at a dose of 44 g/day, produced a decrease of total and LDL cholesterol levels "". 

To decrease LDL cholesterol level in primary hypercholesterolemia (Fredrickson type Ila) PO 3 tablets with meals twice a day or 6 tablets once a day with a meal. May increase daily dose to 7 tablets a day. 

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